AI 中文总结
本综述梳理核科学与技术的十大前沿问题，涵盖基础前沿、支撑方法论及转化战略方向，构建连接科学问题与基础设施、应用及战略的整合研究框架。
AI 中文摘要
核科学与技术的近期进展，同时受到强相互作用与多体涌现的基础问题、稀有同位素能力与多信使天文学的快速拓展，以及社会对清洁能源、精准医学和战略技术日益增长的需求的驱动。本综述重新梳理了核科学与技术的“十大前沿问题”，为广大受众提供了一份学术性路线图。我们首先探讨基础前沿，包括强子质量的非微扰起源、极端条件下量子色动力学（QCD）物质的性质、从轻核到超重核区的核结构多尺度演化、滴线附近奇特核与开放量子系统的物理，以及元素的核天体物理起源。随后，我们重点论述支撑性方法论，尤其是现代从头算（ab initio）理论与连续耦合理论、先进加速器与探测器平台、高精度质谱，以及数据驱动与人工智能辅助方法论的新兴作用。最后，我们综述转化与战略方向，包括先进裂变与聚变能源系统、放射医学、同位素科学、核钟等跨学科核技术，以及燃料循环、废物管理和国际合作的长期挑战。本文并非各子领域的详尽参考文献，旨在提供一个将前沿科学问题与支撑性基础设施、应用场景及长期战略规划相连接的整合性研究框架。
英文摘要
Recent advances in nuclear science and technology are being driven simultaneously by fundamental questions on strong interactions and many-body emergence, by the rapid expansion of rare-isotope capabilities and multimessenger astronomy, and by growing societal demand for clean energy, precision medicine, and strategic technologies. This review reorganizes the "ten frontier questions" for nuclear science and technology, offering a scholarly roadmap accessible to a broad audience. We first discuss the fundamental frontiers, including the nonperturbative origin of hadronic mass, the properties of QCD matter under extreme conditions, the multiscale evolution of nuclear structure from light nuclei to the superheavy region, the physics of exotic nuclei and open quantum systems near the driplines, and the nuclear-astrophysical origin of the elements. We then emphasize enabling methodologies, especially modern \textit{ab initio} and continuum-coupled theories, advanced accelerator and detector platforms, precision mass spectrometry, and the emerging role of data-driven and artificial-intelligence-assisted methodologies. Finally, we review translational and strategic directions, including advanced fission and fusion energy systems, cross-disciplinary nuclear technologies such as radiomedicine, isotope science, and nuclear clocks, as well as the long-term challenges of fuel cycles, waste management, and international cooperation. Rather than serving as an exhaustive bibliography of each subfield, this article aims to provide an integrative research framework that connects frontier scientific problems with enabling infrastructure, application scenarios, and long-range strategic planning.
Comments32 pages, 13 figures
Journal refNuclear Science and Techniques 37, 239 (2026)
DOI：10.1007/s41365-026-02049-3
