AI 中文总结
该研究提出无需后选择即可在开放量子系统中模拟Yang-Lee临界性，实现了非厄米物理的量子模拟，还可推广到嵌入任意非厄米哈密顿量，建立了相关物理领域的联系。
AI 中文摘要
我们证明，描述虚磁场中经典伊辛自旋的d+0维Yang-Lee理论，可在(d-1)+1维开放量子系统中实现，且无需后选择，该系统的动力学由局域幺正操作和工程化耗散构成。相干幺正动力学与耗散动力学的竞争驱动了相变：特定类线性可观测量的时间依赖关系从阻尼振荡的“欠阻尼”衰减转变为纯指数的“过阻尼”衰减。我们的构造依赖于Lindbladian的大量弱对称性，这些对称性由可观测量的选择确定，且在其他方面是精确的。因此，我们证明该动力学由Yang-Lee转移矩阵的非厄米生成元描述，形成了定义在开放系统时空历史上的有效Yang-Lee理论。通过局域修改动力学，我们直接测量了Yang-Lee理论的自旋关联函数及相关的“Loschmidt回波”关联函数，对此进行了详细说明。我们明确表明，所需的耗散通道可通过局域2量子比特门实现，并讨论了其在近期量子模拟器设备上的潜在实现。最后，我们将该构造推广到在无后选择的Lindbladian时间演化下，将任意非厄米哈密顿量嵌入开放量子系统中，建立了无条件开放量子动力学、例外点物理与非幺正统计力学之间的联系。
英文摘要
We show that the $d+0$-dimensional Yang-Lee theory describing classical Ising spins in an imaginary magnetic field can be realized, without post-selection, within a $(d-1)+1$ open quantum system whose dynamics consist of local unitaries and engineered dissipation. Competition between the coherent unitary and dissipative dynamics drives a transition wherein the time-dependence of a particular class of linear observables changes from damped oscillatory "underdamped" to purely exponential "overdamped" decay. Our construction relies on an extensive number of weak-symmetries of the Lindbladian fixed by the choice of observable but is otherwise exact. Consequently, we show that the dynamics are described by the non-Hermitian generator of the Yang-Lee transfer matrix, leading to an effective Yang-Lee theory defined on the spacetime history of the open system. By locally modifying the dynamics, we directly measure spin correlation functions of the Yang-Lee theory as well as a related "Loschmidt Echo" correlator which we detail. We explicitly show that the required dissipation channels can be obtained through local $2$-qubit gates and discuss potential realization on near-term quantum simulator devices. Finally, we generalize our construction to embed arbitrary non-Hermitian Hamiltonians within an open quantum system under Lindbladian time-evolution without post-selection, drawing connections between unconditional open quantum dynamics, exceptional point physics, and non-unitary statistical mechanics.
Comments14 + 4 pages, 5 figures
