发表机构
University of Oklahoma; University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee（俄克拉荷马大学; 威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究针对听者在指称不确定性下的对话保留/修正决策，提出数据驱动框架，发现不确定性敏感策略可在保留连贯理解的同时维持良好检索性能，其模式符合概念契约理论。
AI 中文摘要
当说话者提及听者无法直接看到的场景时，听者必须决定是保留当前理解，还是随着新话语的到来对其进行修正。许多语言系统将局部不匹配视为更新的线索：与当前理解的分歧会促使调整。然而，对话理解可能更为保守，会相对于先前的理解来解释不匹配的证据，而非立即对其进行修正。我们引入了一个受控的、数据驱动的框架，用于对话中逐轮的保留/修正决策，其中在其他条件相同的情况下学习竞争的修正策略。我们比较了四种基于理论的修正策略，每种策略反映了关于听者应何时保留或修正的不同假设。有两项发现尤为突出。其一，仅基于局部分歧进行更新的不匹配驱动策略对不匹配反应强烈，但会破坏指称（grounding）并降低检索性能。其二，对不确定性敏感的策略在基于不匹配的更新基础上纳入了累积证据，在保留连贯理解的同时维持了强大的检索性能。令人惊讶的是，连贯理解源于一种反直觉的模式：局部不匹配促进保留，而累积的不确定性促进修正，这表明听者尽管存在局部不匹配仍会维持先前的理解，且仅在不确定性充分累积时才进行修正，该模式与概念契约理论（conceptual pact theory）一致。
英文摘要
When a speaker refers to a scene that the listener cannot directly see, the listener must decide whether to preserve its current understanding or revise it as new utterances arrive. Many language systems treat local mismatch as a cue for updating: divergence from the current understanding encourages adjustment. Yet conversational understanding may be more conservative, interpreting mismatching evidence relative to prior understanding rather than immediately revising it. We introduce a controlled, data-driven framework for turn-by-turn preserve/revise decisions in dialogue, where competing revision policies are learned under otherwise identical conditions. We compare four theory-driven revision strategies, each reflecting a different assumption about when listeners should preserve or revise. Two findings stand out. First, a mismatch-driven policy that updates solely based on local divergence reacts strongly to mismatch but destabilizes grounding and degrades retrieval. Second, an uncertainty-sensitive policy extends mismatch-based updating with accumulated evidence, preserving coherent understanding while maintaining strong retrieval performance. Surprisingly, coherent understanding emerges from a counterintuitive pattern: local mismatch promotes preservation, whereas accumulated uncertainty promotes revision, suggesting that listeners maintain prior understanding despite local mismatch and revise only when uncertainty sufficiently accumulates. This pattern is consistent with conceptual pact theory.
