AI 中文总结
本文提出一种新型成像大气射电望远镜，通过模拟其利用波动力学的成像技术，可24/7观测宇宙伽马射线与中微子，使对应观测能力提升8倍以上，克服了传统成像大气切伦科夫望远镜的工作周期局限。
AI 中文摘要
观测能量高于10^12电子伏特（TeV）的宇宙伽马射线，往往能直接探测到理论预测受极端条件挑战的事件。由于高能宇宙伽马射线十分稀少，需要足球场大小（10^5平方米）或更大的收集面积，才能在短时间内获得足够的计数统计量。成像大气切伦科夫望远镜正是这类拥有大收集面积、目前对宇宙粒子的类型、能量和方向具有最佳重建能力的设备。不过，受每年仅约1000小时晴朗暗夜的限制，成像大气切伦科夫望远镜的工作周期仅约12%。为克服这一局限，本文提出一种新型成像大气射电望远镜，通过观测空气簇射产生的10 GHz频段射电辐射，可实现24/7不间断观测，不受昼夜周期和天气状况的影响。该设备的创新点在于对空气簇射射电辐射的高分辨率成像，有望获得与成像大气切伦科夫望远镜相当的高分辨率图像。本文提出一种利用波动力学而非传统光线追踪来模拟射电望远镜成像过程的技术。成像大气射电望远镜可使我们对精确重建的高能伽马射线天区的观测能力提升8倍以上，还能通过“地球掠射”技术使宇宙中微子的观测能力也提升8倍。
英文摘要
Observations of cosmic gamma~rays with energies above the 10$^{12}$ electronvolts (TeV) regime are often a direct probe of events where our theoretical predictions are challenged by extreme conditions. Because high energetic cosmic gamma-rays are rare, one needs collection areas with the size of soccer fields (10$^{5}$ m$^2$) or more to gather significant counting statistics in short time. The imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope detects cosmic gamma-rays in such large areas and currently offers the best reconstruction power for the cosmic particle's type, energy, and direction in particular. However, with only about 1,000 hours of dark and clear nights every year, the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov~telescope only has a duty cycle of about $12\%$. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel imaging atmospheric radio telescope. By observing radio emission in the $10$ GHz regime from air showers, the imaging atmospheric radio telescope could observe 24/7, independent of the day night cycle, and almost independent of the weather. The novelty here is the high resolution imaging of the air shower's radio emission which might result in high resolution images as one finds them in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov~telescopes. We present a technique to simulate the image formation in the radio telescope using wave mechanics instead of conventional ray tracing. The imaging atmospheric radio telescope could increase our access more than eight-fold to an accurately reconstructed high energy gamma-ray-sky. Further, the imaging atmospheric radio telescope might also eight fold the observation power for cosmic neutrinos in the so called Earth-skimming technique.
Comments27 pages, 24 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physics
