AI 中文总结
本研究探究中子星外核心的中子超流体与质子超导体耦合的介观结构，通过双组分金兹堡-朗道自由能及二维计算，发现通量管束结构，证实类1.5型 regime 存在，为中子星相关研究提供新视角。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究中子星外核心处，中子超流体与质子超导体耦合的介观结构。这些凝聚体由含局域耦合的双组分金兹堡-朗道自由能描述，忽略真实的相位梯度夹带效应。在二维空间中，我们利用准周期性边界条件和受约束的相位印记计算最小化自由能，以研究涡旋-通量管及通量管-通量管相互作用。研究发现，当自由能中存在局域吸引耦合时，涡旋-通量管重叠在能量上更具优势，若干已存在的质子通量管会围绕一个中子涡旋结合，形成以涡旋为中心的有限聚集体，我们将其命名为通量管束。这些束状结构可能变得足够致密，使得一个涡旋能有效容纳多个磁通量量子。我们还证实了类1.5型 regime（ regime 译为“ regime”，保留原词）的可能存在，并发现其在本文考虑的零夹带 regime 中依然存在。在该类1.5型 regime 下，通量管-通量管相互作用在短距离时为排斥作用，中等距离时为吸引作用，从而形成自组装聚集体，同时单个通量管仍保持拓扑上的独立性。本文还讨论了该现象对中子星中耗散耦合与输运的潜在意义。
英文摘要
We study mesoscopic configurations of a neutron superfluid coupled to a proton superconductor in the outer core of a neutron star. The condensates are described by a two-component Ginzburg-Landau free energy with local couplings, neglecting genuine phase-gradient entrainment. In two spatial dimensions, we minimize the free energy using quasi-periodic boundary conditions and constrained phase-imprinting calculations to study vortex-fluxtube and fluxtube-fluxtube interactions. We find that, for locally attractive couplings in the free energy, vortex-fluxtube overlap is energetically favoured and several pre-existing proton fluxtubes can bind around a neutron vortex, forming finite vortex-centred aggregates that we call fluxtube bouquets. These bouquet configurations may become so dense that a vortex can effectively accommodate several quanta of magnetic flux. We also confirm the possible presence of a type-1.5-like regime and find that it survives in the zero-entrainment regime considered here. In this type-1.5 regime, the fluxtube-fluxtube interaction is repulsive at short distances and attractive at intermediate distances, leading to self-assembled clusters while the individual fluxtubes remain topologically distinct. Possible implications for dissipative coupling and transport in neutron stars are discussed.
CommentsPreprint version, 16 pages, 12 figures. Comments are welcome!
