虚旋转打破热QCD中的电荷共轭
Imaginary Rotation Breaks Charge Conjugation in Hot QCD
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究从算符恒等式出发推导密度算子恒等式,将虚旋转下的热QCD系统映射到Roberge-Weiss点,解析得到无质量夸克味下的相变点,并给出格点QCD检验条件。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
从角动量、费米子宇称和夸克数算符在色单态物理态空间上成立的恒等式 $\n\mathrm{e}^{2\pi\mathrm{i}J_z}=(-1)^{F}=\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\pi Q}$ 出发,我们推导出一个将虚旋转与虚夸克化学势关联起来的密度算子恒等式:$\n\rho(\Omega_I/T+2\pi,\theta_q)=\rho(\Omega_I/T,\theta_q+\pi)$。由此可知,在 $(\n\Omega_I/T,\theta_q)=(2\pi,0)$ 处的 $SU(3)$ QCD 虚旋转系统,会精确映射到 Roberge-Weiss 点 $(0,\pi)$,在该点电荷共轭会在 Roberge-Weiss 端点以上自发破缺,该结论不依赖任何模型与近似。通过在旋转轴上的单圈有效势对整个 $SU(3)$ Weyl alcove 求极小值,我们进一步针对三种无质量夸克味解析得到:$\n\mathrm{Im}\\,L$ 连续上升的二级相变点 $\Omega_{I,C}/(\pi T)=(22-2\sqrt{22})/9$,以及极小值锁定到非平庸中心元素的一级相变点 $\Omega_{I,\mathrm{lock}}/(\pi T)=2/3+2\sqrt{111}/27$。在无质量单圈近似下,完整 QCD 与纯杨-米尔斯理论中均出现连续简并,但完整 QCD 侧的简并仅为偶然,会被有限奇异夸克质量解除。最后,我们给出可在格点 QCD 中检验上述精确关系与轴上预测的条件。
英文摘要
Starting from the identity $e^{2πi J_z}=(-1)^{F}=e^{iπQ}$ on the color-singlet physical state space, we derive a density-operator identity that ties imaginary rotation to an imaginary quark chemical potential, $ρ(Ω_I+2π,θ_q)=ρ(Ω_I,θ_q+π)$. Hence imaginarily rotating $SU(3)$ QCD at $(Ω_I,θ_q)=(2π,0)$ is mapped exactly onto the Roberge-Weiss (RW) point $(0,π)$, where charge conjugation $C$ is spontaneously broken above the RW endpoint---a conclusion independent of any model or approximation. Minimizing the one-loop effective potential on the rotation axis, we obtain analytically, for three massless flavors, the second-order transition at $Ω_{I,C}/π=(22-2\sqrt{22})/9$, and a subsequent first-order transition at $Ω_{I,{\rm lock}}/π=2/3+2\sqrt{111}/27$. At smaller $Ω_I$, a continuous degeneracy of the massless one-loop approximation leaves the realization of $C$ undecided; a finite strange-quark mass lifts it. We also state how the exact relations and the on-axis predictions can be tested in lattice QCD.
发表机构
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo(东京大学理学研究科早期宇宙研究中心 (RESCEU))
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