AI 中文总结
本文提出统一图基AC-OPF框架UNION，在七个系统（含4492节点韩国电网）联合训练后，可在99.56%测试实例满足约束，预恢复推理耗时短，支持异构系统及变化拓扑的实时电网运行。
AI 中文摘要
安全的实时电网运行需要快速的交流最优潮流（AC-OPF）工具，这些工具需在运行条件和拓扑结构变化时保持准确性和可行性。基于学习的方法已取得进展，但大多数是针对单个系统或单个拓扑训练的，提供满足所有运行约束的运行点仍然具有挑战性。本文提出UNION，一种适用于异构系统和拓扑变化运行的统一图基AC-OPF框架。UNION提出了共享图编码器、带有显式共识校正的标量门控聚合，以及嵌入交流潮流方程的稀疏感知可微隐层。剩余的不等式约束通过原始对偶训练和确定性恢复层处理。在七个系统上联合训练的单个模型，包括一个真实的4492节点韩国输电电网，达到了1.23%的平均目标差距，且在99.56%的测试实例上满足所有运行约束。它在零样本N-1故障（即线路和发电机停运）以及五天的时变韩国拓扑下均保持该性能；在轻量级在线微调下，其在2.51%的差距下仍保持完整的快照覆盖。UNION的预恢复推理在三个最大系统上每个实例耗时55-58毫秒，包含恢复步骤则为108-114毫秒。这些结果表明，一个联合训练的、符合物理规律的模型可支持异构系统和变化拓扑下的实时AC-OPF。
英文摘要
Secure real-time grid operation requires fast AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) tools that stay accurate and feasible as operating conditions and topology change. Learning-based methods have advanced, but most are trained per system or per topology, and delivering an operating point that satisfies every operational limit remains challenging. This paper proposes UNION, a unified graph-based AC-OPF framework for heterogeneous systems and topology-varying operation. UNION proposes a shared graph encoder, a scalar-gated aggregation with explicit consensus correction, and a sparse-aware differentiable implicit layer embedding the AC power-flow equations. The remaining inequalities are handled by primal-dual training and the deterministic restoration layer. A single model trained jointly across seven systems, including a real-world 4,492-bus Korean transmission grid, attains a 1.23% mean objective gap and satisfies every operational limit on 99.56% of test instances. It sustains this under zero-shot $N-1$ contingencies, i.e., line and generator outages, and over five days of time-varying Korean topologies; it retains full snapshot coverage at a 2.51% gap under lightweight online fine-tuning. UNION pre-restoration inference takes 55$-$58 ms per instance on the three largest systems, and 108$-$114 ms including restoration. These results indicate that one jointly trained, physics-consistent model can support real-time AC-OPF across heterogeneous systems and evolving topologies.
Comments10 pages, 2 figures
