AI 中文总结
该研究通过对类蜜蜂智能体种群建模，揭示了水平蜂巢下直接指向代码的演化条件，以及向重力参考代码过渡的驱动因素，为理解动物通信代码的演化提供了量化依据。
AI 中文摘要
通信需要共享的代码，任何对代码的改变都必须在发送者和接收者之间协调，以避免通信中断。蜜蜂的摇摆舞说明了这一问题：拥有水平蜂巢的物种会直接指向食物源，而拥有垂直蜂巢的物种无法直接指向，而是将舞蹈与重力关联，结合太阳的位置进行解码。我们在类蜜蜂智能体种群中对这两种代码的出现和演化过渡进行建模，选择作用于群体层面。在水平蜂巢模型中，当仅通过随机搜索找到食物的难度适中时，无论是食物位点少且大还是多且小，直接指向都容易演化；当食物过于稀疏无法触发舞蹈，或过于丰富无需信号即可找到时，直接指向则不会演化。加入垂直蜂巢的外生优势后，我们发现向重力参考代码的过渡主要由突变率和该优势的大小驱动，发送者与接收者突变的耦合在低突变率下也会发挥进一步作用。在这些因素的有利结合下，过渡能够可靠进行且不会出现通信中断。
英文摘要
Communication typically relies on a shared code, and any change to it must be coordinated between senders and receivers to avoid a breakdown of communication. The honeybee waggle dance illustrates this problem: species with horizontal combs point directly at a food source, while species with vertical combs cannot point directly and instead reference the dance to gravity, decoded against the position of the sun. We model the rise of the first of these codes and its evolutionary transition to the second in populations of bee-like agents, with selection acting at the level of colonies. In a horizontal-comb model, we find that direct pointing evolves readily when food is moderately hard to find by random search alone, whether because sites are few and large or many and small. Communication fails to evolve when food is too sparse to spark dances or so abundant that it is found without signaling. Adding an exogenous benefit for vertical combs, we then find that the transition to the gravity-referenced code is driven mainly by the magnitude of this benefit and by the mutation scale, with the coupling between sender and receiver mutations playing a further role when the mutation scale is low. Given a favorable confluence of these factors, the transition proceeds reliably and without a breakdown of communication. Outside that confluence it remains possible, though rarer, across a much wider range of settings.
