量子运动诱导的相分离
Quantum motility-induced phase separation
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究在一维有源硬核玻色子模型中证实存在量子运动诱导的相分离，发现其具有超线性粒子数涨落、长程量子相干性等特征，为探索新型非平衡量子态提供基础。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
运动诱导的相分离（MIPS）是活性物质系统中的核心聚簇现象，指粒子即便不存在粒子间吸引力，也会自发分离为致密相和稀相。近期理论与实验研究已迈出将活性物质概念拓展至量子层面的第一步，但MIPS是否存在真正的量子类似物、量子相干性如何与耗散自推进竞争或协同，至今仍是待解决的问题。本研究提供证据表明，一维有源硬核玻色子模型中可出现量子MIPS；该模型产生MIPS特有的超线性粒子数涨落，形成大小有限的微相分离聚簇；加入近邻排斥相互作用后，数值证据显示会恢复具有发散关联长度的真正相分离；关键的是，聚簇稳态保持长程量子相干性，呈现无经典对应物的真正量子特征。这些结果为探索量子MIPS奠定基础，且表明相干性与活性的相互作用可产生新型非平衡量子态。
英文摘要
Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) describes a central clustering phenomenon in active matter systems where particles spontaneously separate into dense and dilute phases even in the absence of interparticle attractive forces. Recent theoretical and experimental efforts have taken the first steps to extend active matter concepts to the quantum level. However, whether a genuine quantum analog of MIPS exists and how quantum coherence would compete or cooperate with the dissipative self-propulsion has remained open so far. Here, we provide evidence that quantum MIPS can occur in a model of active hard-core bosons in one dimension. Our model yields superlinear number fluctuations characteristic of MIPS, leading to microphase separation with large but finite cluster size. Adding nearest-neighbor repulsive interactions, we find numerical evidence for restoring genuine phase separation with a divergent correlation length. Crucially, the clustered steady states maintain a long-distance quantum coherence, revealing a genuinely quantum feature with no classical counterpart. These results provide a foundation for exploring quantum MIPS and suggest that the coherence-activity interplay can generate new types of nonequilibrium quantum states.
