AI 中文总结
本研究构建了可精确求解的三态Metropolis布朗热机的化学-热扩展模型，推导了精确循环亲和度、停滞力等，发现温度中立化学补偿点，明确定态电流与μu的关系。
AI 中文摘要
我们开发了一种可精确求解的三态Metropolis布朗热机的化学-热扩展模型。粒子沿周期能量序列0→E→2E→0运动，每向前一步克服负载f做机械功，与两个冷热源和一个热源相互作用，并在热跃迁时消耗一个自由能降为μu的燃料分子。细致平衡给出精确循环亲和度：$\n\na = E(1/T_c - 1/T_h) + μu/T_h - f(2/T_c + 1/T_h)\n\n$，无需线性响应、弱驱动或高能垒近似即可得到完整的定态概率和电流。由此得到几个结果：第一，精确停滞力为$\n\nf_s = [E(T_h - T_c) + T_c μu]/(2T_h + T_c)\n\n$；第二，存在温度中立化学补偿点μu*=3E/2，此时对所有T_h>T_c，f_s=E/2，且可逆停滞时热和冷热量均消失；第三，在固定力学参数下，两个Metropolis分支的定态电流均为μu的严格增函数，但趋近
英文摘要
We develop an exactly solvable chemo--thermal extension of the three-state Metropolis Brownian heat engine. The particle moves through the periodic energy sequence $0\to E\to 2E\to0$, performs mechanical work against a load $f$ on every forward step, interacts with two cold links and one hot link, and consumes one fuel molecule of free-energy drop $\muu$ on the hot transition. Local detailed balance gives an exact cycle affinity \begin{equation*} \mathcal A=E\left(\Tc^{-1}-\Th^{-1}\right)+\muu/\Th-f\left(2/\Tc+1/\Th\right), \end{equation*} and the full stationary probabilities and current are obtained without linear-response, weak-driving, or high-barrier approximations. Several results follow. First, the exact stall force is \begin{equation*} \fs=\frac{E(\Th-\Tc)+\Tc\muu}{2\Th+\Tc}. \end{equation*} Second, there is a temperature-neutral chemical compensation point $\muu_*=3E/2$ at which $\fs=E/2$ for every $\Th>\Tc$ and the hot and cold heats both vanish at reversible stall. Third, in both Metropolis branches the stationary current is a strictly increasing function of $\muu$ at fixed mechanical parameters, but approac
Comments15 pages
