NUCLEUS实验技术运行用低温靶探测器的研制与调试
Development and Commissioning of the Cryogenic Target Detectors for the Technical Run of the NUCLEUS Experiment
AI总结：
本研究研制调试了NUCLEUS实验技术运行用低温靶探测器模块，实现了优异的能量分辨率，验证了与外反符合探测器的同步运行，为反应堆中微子相干散射测量奠定基础。
AI中文摘要：
NUCLEUS实验旨在研究法国绍兹核电站反应堆电子反中微子的相干弹性中微子-核散射（CE$ν$NS）。本工作中，NUCLEUS技术运行的低温靶探测器模块在慕尼黑工业大学完成研制与调试。该模块包含4个克级CaWO$_4$探测器，每个配备2个过渡边缘传感器（TES），总靶质量为6.96 g。本文介绍了这些探测器的设计、集成、性能表征以及基于X射线的能量校准。在6个完成表征的探测器中，实现了平均基线分辨率$\barσ_{\text{BL}} = (2.79 \n 0.60)\text{eV}$。性能最佳的探测器达到$σ_{\text{BL}} = (2.16 \n 0.02_{\text{stat}})\text{eV}$，超出设计目标两倍，代表了低温CaWO$_4$探测器的最先进水平。该靶探测器模块与周围由6个千克级锗探测器组成、用于本底甄别的低温外反符合探测器（Cryogenic Outer Veto）成功同步运行，未测得可测量的串扰。这些结果证明靶探测器系统已为绍兹的NUCLEUS技术运行做好准备，是反应堆CE$ν$NS测量用低温探测器研发的关键里程碑。
英文摘要：
The NUCLEUS experiment aims to study coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS) of reactor electron antineutrinos at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France. In this work, the cryogenic target-detector module for the NUCLEUS Technical Run was developed and commissioned at the Technical University of Munich. The module comprises four gram-scale CaWO$_4$ detectors, each equipped with two Transition Edge Sensors (TES), providing a total target mass of 6.96 g. We present the design, integration, detector characterization, and X-ray-based energy calibration of these detectors. Across six characterized detectors, a mean baseline resolution of $\overlineσ_{\mathrm{BL}} = (2.79 \pm 0.60)\,\mathrm{eV}$ was achieved. The best-performing detector reached $σ_{\mathrm{BL}} = (2.16 \pm 0.02_{\mathrm{stat}})\,\mathrm{eV}$, surpassing the design goal by a factor of two and representing a state-of-the-art result for a cryogenic CaWO$_4$ detector. The target detector module was successfully operated simultaneously with the surrounding Cryogenic Outer Veto, which consists of six kg-scale Ge detectors for background discrimination, showing no measurable cross-talk. These results demonstrate the readiness of the target-detector system for the NUCLEUS Technical Run at Chooz and mark a key milestone in the development of cryogenic detectors for reactor-CE$ν$NS measurements.
