AI 中文总结
该研究通过超表面与高维光子纠缠的非局域相互作用，实现了可并行传输的多拓扑量子斯格明子，为紧凑生成复杂量子态提供了新途径。
AI 中文摘要
量子斯格明子是一类拓扑结构，因其在多种光学平台上展现出的鲁棒性与多功能性而受到广泛关注。然而，现有的量子斯格明子生成方法仅限于产生具有单一拓扑结构的预定二维量子比特态。本文通过引入高维光子纠缠与超表面之间的非局域相互作用，构建了多维拓扑态；其中，超表面诱导的拓扑变换因界面纠缠态的概率特性而具有非确定性。在该框架内，我们证明单个量子态可容纳多个共存的拓扑结构，这些结构仅在测量时显现，使其能在不同空间模式通道内并行传输。我们通过在纠缠光子之一上利用轨道角动量（OAM）投影控制所需输出拓扑，揭示了修正希尔伯特空间内丰富的拓扑结构，并产生了多个具有不同拓扑类别的非局域偏振-OAM纠缠态，所有这些均由单个超表面装置实现。我们的结果表明，结构化高维纠缠与能够耦合光子自由度的结构化物质结合时，展现出新的能力，为紧凑生成复杂量子态建立了新途径。
英文摘要
Quantum skyrmions are topological structures that have garnered significant interest due to their demonstrated robustness and versatility across diverse optical platforms. However, existing approaches for their generation are limited to producing pre-determined two dimensional qubit states with a single topology. Here we create multi-dimensional topological states by introducing a non-local interaction between high-dimensional photonic entanglement and a metasurface, where the topological transformation induced by the metasurface is made non-deterministic by the probabilistic nature of the interfacing entangled state. Within this framework, we demonstrate that individual quantum states can host multiple co-existing topologies that are only revealed upon measurement, allowing for their parallel transport within distinct spatial mode channels. We confirm this by revealing the rich topological landscape within our modified Hilbert space while controlling the desired output topology by orbital angular momentum (OAM) projections on one of the entangled photons, producing multiple non-local polarization-OAM entangled states characterized by distinct topological classes, all from a single metasurface device. Our results reveal new capability when structured high-dimensional entanglement is interfaced with structured matter capable of coupling photonic degrees of freedom, establishing a new pathway for the compact generation of complex quantum states.
Comments20 pages, 10 figures
