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arXiv 2608.25120hep-ph

大 $N_c\\&N_f$ 极限下小 $x$ 的轨道角动量

Orbital angular momentum at small $x$ in the large $N_c\&N_f$ limit

  • Federal University of Santa Catarina(圣卡塔琳娜联邦大学)
  • The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学)
  • Hampton University(汉普顿大学)
  • University of Connecticut(康涅狄格大学)
  • North Carolina State University(北卡罗来纳州立大学)
  • Stony Brook University(石溪大学)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

G. Zardo Becker, Yuri V. Kovchegov, Ming Li, Brandon Manley, Andrey Tarasov

AI总结:

该研究将质子中夸克和胶子轨道角动量分布的小-$x$ 分析推广到大 $N_c\\&N_f$ 极限,推导了双对数近似下的演化方程,数值求解发现 OAM 与螺旋度分布共享截距,且截距小于大 $N_c$ 情形,并计算了相关比值。

AI中文摘要:

我们将先前工作中在质子中夸克和胶子轨道角动量(OAM)分布的小-$x$ 分析从大-$N_c$ 极限扩展到同时包含大-$N_c$ 和大-$N_f$ 的极限,在该极限下夸克颜色数 $N_c$ 和味道数 $N_f$ 都很大,且它们的比值保持固定。在双对数近似(DLA)下,我们求和 $\alpha_s \ln^2(1/x)$ 的幂次,其中 $\alpha_s$ 是强耦合常数,$x$ 是质子中部分子所携带的动量分数。我们修正了先前在文献 \cite{Kovchegov:2024wjs} 中提出的夸克 OAM 分布的小-$x$ 算符表达式,并将夸克和胶子 OAM 分布都与极化偶极子振幅的碰撞参数矩联系起来。我们推导了这些矩振幅在 DLA 下的大-$N_c\\&N_f$ 演化方程;其中包括一个控制夸克 OAM 的矩振幅的新方程。然后,我们针对 $N_f = 2,3,4,5,6$ 和 $N_c =3$ 的情况,将这些演化方程与螺旋度演化方程一起数值求解。我们发现,与大-$N_c$ 情形类似,OAM 分布与螺旋度分布具有共同的小-$x$ 截距,即 $L_{q+\bar{q}}(x,Q^2) \sim L_G(x,Q^2) \sim \Delta \Sigma (x,Q^2) \sim \Delta G(x,Q^2) \sim \left(\frac{1}{x} \right)^{\alpha_h}$,对于 $N_f = N_c = 3$,截距 $\alpha_h \approx {3.48 \sqrt{\alpha_s N_c/2\pi}}$(参见 \cite{Borden:2025ehe}):这一结果以及我们研究的其他 $N_f \neq 0$ 值对应的 $\alpha_h$ 均小于在大-$N_c$ 极限下发现的截距 $3.66\sqrt{\alpha_s N_c/2\pi}$。我们还计算了当 $x\to 0$ 时 OAM 分布与螺旋度部分子分布函数的比值,在 $Q^2=10\\\\, \mathrm{GeV}^2$ 时得到 $L_{q+\bar{q}}(x,Q^2)/\Delta\Sigma(x,Q^2) \approx -1.01$ 和 $L_G(x,Q^2)/\Delta G(x,Q^2) \approx -1.94$,且这两个比值几乎与 $N_f$ 无关。

英文摘要:

We extend the small-$x$ analysis of the quark and gluon orbital angular momentum (OAM) distributions in the proton from the large-$N_c$ limit considered in our earlier works to the large-$N_c\&N_f$ limit, in which the numbers of quark colors $N_c$ and flavors $N_f$ are large with their ratio held fixed. Working in the double-logarithmic approximation (DLA), summing powers of $α_s \ln^2(1/x)$ with $α_s$ the strong coupling and $x$ the proton's momentum fraction carried by a parton, we correct the small-$x$ operator expression for the quark OAM distribution suggested earlier in \cite{Kovchegov:2024wjs} and relate both the quark and gluon OAM distributions to the impact-parameter moments of the polarized dipole amplitudes. We derive the large-$N_c\&N_f$ evolution equations for these moment amplitudes in the DLA; these include a new equation for the moment amplitude governing the quark OAM. We then solve these evolution equations numerically together with the helicity evolution for $N_f = 2,3,4,5,6$ and $N_c =3$. We find that, similar to the large-$N_c$ case, the OAM distributions share a common small-$x$ intercept with the helicity distributions, $L_{q+\bar{q}}(x,Q^2) \sim L_G(x,Q^2) \sim ΔΣ(x,Q^2) \sim ΔG(x,Q^2) \sim \left(\frac{1}{x} \right)^{α_h}$ with the intercept $α_h \approx {3.48 \sqrt{α_s N_c/2π}}$ for $N_f = N_c = 3$ (cf.~\cite{Borden:2025ehe}): this result, along with $α_h$ for other values of $N_f \neq 0$ that we studied, is smaller than the intercept of $3.66\sqrt{α_s N_c/2π}$ found in the large-$N_c$ limit. We also compute the ratios of the OAM distributions to the helicity parton distribution functions as $x\to 0$, obtaining $L_{q+\bar{q}}(x,Q^2)/ΔΣ(x,Q^2) \approx -1.01$ and $L_G(x,Q^2)/ΔG(x,Q^2) \approx -1.94$ at $Q^2=10\, \mathrm{GeV}^2$, with both ratios being nearly independent of $N_f$.

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