AI 中文总结
本研究通过跨队列再评估，发现孕期母体焦虑与后代不同发育阶段的预测加工相关特征存在关联，为预测加工理论提供了假说支持。
AI 中文摘要
产前母体痛苦已被证实与后代大脑及行为发育的差异存在关联，但该关联很少从计算角度进行阐释。预测加工（Predictive Processing, PP）理论认为，感知、认知和行动源于输入信息与内部生成预测的相互作用，这种作用部分由精度调控。本研究对两个非临床产前队列的11篇已发表文献进行再评估，旨在探寻与预测加工理论相容的一致发育模式。8篇来自鲁汶的文献覆盖从青春期到成年期的发育阶段：外部线索提示的反应抑制能力基本保持完好，而当需要内生性生成或维持任务目标、刺激相关性、预期结果及反应策略时，便会出现差异。在28岁时，较高的产前焦虑与左侧上后放射冠的径向及平均扩散度降低、词汇得分降低、内侧前额叶到左侧额下回的连接减弱，以及诱发呼吸困难的不适感增强相关。3篇来自蒂尔堡的事件相关电位（ERP）文献覆盖婴儿期和儿童早期：较高的产前焦虑与重复标准音调的加工增强、对恐惧声音比对快乐声音的加工增强，以及对中性图片比对愉悦或不愉快图片的加工增强相关。母体正念是本研究唯一考察的积极产前特征，其与重复标准音调的关联呈相反方向，这表明积极状态与痛苦相关状态可能对共享机制产生不同作用。跨队列来看，研究结果与相关性及加工资源如何分配给可预测、与威胁相关、模糊、情境相关、反馈相关及身体信息的差异相符。由于这些文献未正式估计精度、预测误差或先验概率，因此本研究将其视为对预测加工理论的假说支持，而非对该理论的正式检验。
英文摘要
Prenatal maternal distress has been linked to differences in offspring brain and behavioural development, but is rarely framed computationally. Predictive-processing (PP) accounts hold that perception, cognition, and action arise from the interplay of incoming input and internally generated predictions, governed in part by precision. We reappraised eleven publications from two non-clinical prenatal cohorts for a coherent PP-compatible developmental pattern. Eight Leuven publications spanned adolescence to adulthood: externally cued response inhibition was largely preserved, whereas differences emerged when task goals, stimulus relevance, expected outcomes, and response policies had to be generated or maintained endogenously. At age 28, higher prenatal anxiety was associated with lower radial and mean diffusivity in the left superior posterior corona radiata, lower Vocabulary scores, weaker medial prefrontal to left inferior frontal connectivity, and greater unpleasantness of induced dyspnoea. Three Tilburg ERP publications covered infancy and early childhood: higher prenatal anxiety was associated with increased processing of repeated standard tones, of fearful over happy vocalizations, and of neutral over pleasant or unpleasant pictures. Maternal mindfulness, the only positive prenatal characteristic examined, showed the opposite association for the repeated standard, suggesting that positive and distress-related states may act differently on shared mechanisms. Across cohorts, findings were compatible with differences in how relevance and processing resources are allocated to predictable, threat-related, ambiguous, contextual, feedback-related, and bodily information. Because these publications did not formally estimate precision, prediction errors, or priors, we treat them as hypothesis-supporting rather than a formal test of the account.
Comments58 pages
