AI 中文总结
本论文利用ATLAS探测器开展三项新物理寻找，分别针对TeV量子黑洞、轻子味异常重共振态、Clockwork重引力子，取得了对应模型的最优或最强限制。
AI 中文摘要
标准模型是迄今为止最精确、最具影响力的科学理论，但它并非对所有基础物理的完整描述。其局限性包括：未能将量子力学与引力统一，因此无法解决弱标度与普朗克标度之间的巨大等级差；无法解释中微子质量或暗物质存在的证据，也无法提供足以解释宇宙中观测到的物质-反物质不对称性的重子生成机制；此外，它与暗示带电轻子味普适性破坏的观测结果存在矛盾。这些缺陷表明，超出标准模型的物理必然存在。本论文利用大型强子对撞机（LHC）的ATLAS探测器开展三项不同的新物理寻找工作：第一项针对额外维度理论中为解决等级差问题而提出的TeV尺度量子黑洞，利用该模型随对撞机质心能量显著提升产生率、从而大幅提高质量探测范围的独特特征，采用轻子+喷注末态，设置了该模型迄今为止最强的限制；第二项通过寻找破坏味守恒的重共振态，解决轻子味异常，针对双轻子+$b$-喷注末态，补充了此前 inclusive 结果，直接针对排他性末态；第三项针对额外维度模型中重引力子态的周期性特征（Clockwork），在双电子和双光子末态中开展，建立了一种结合机器学习利用小波变换寻找周期性信号的新方法，设置了该模型的最佳限制。
英文摘要
The Standard Model is the most precise and consequential theory of science, yet it is not a complete account of all fundamental physics. Amongst its limitations, it lacks a coherent unification of quantum mechanics and gravity, and thus cannot resolve the large hierarchy gap between the weak and Planck scales. It does not explain neutrino masses or the evidence implying the existence of Dark Matter, nor does it provide a viable mechanism for baryogenesis sufficient to explain the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. Lastly, it is in tension with observations hinting toward charged Lepton Flavour Universality violation. These shortcomings indicate that physics beyond the Standard Model must exist. In this thesis, the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to perform three distinct searches for New Physics. The first targets hypothetical, TeV-scale quantum black holes, which arise in extra-dimensional theories seeking to solve the hierarchy problem. Exploiting a unique feature of the model that strongly enhances the production rate with the collider centre-of-mass energy, and thereby permits a considerable increase in mass reach, it uses lepton+jet final states and sets the strongest limits on the model to date. The second tackles anomalies in lepton flavour by searching for heavy resonances that violate flavour conservation; targeting dilepton+$b$-jets final states, it complements previous inclusive results by directly addressing exclusive ones. The third targets Clockwork, periodic signatures of heavy graviton states appearing in extra-dimensional models. Performed in dielectron and diphoton final states, it establishes a new method to search for periodic signals using wavelet transformations with machine learning, and sets the best limits on the model.
CommentsPhD thesis, Weizmann Institute of Science, 288 pages, 99 figures, 13 tables
