AI 中文总结
该研究针对活性颗粒的运动问题，发现活性与干摩擦的相互作用会产生急动度主导的动力学，通过分析、数值和实验验证了活性振动机器人的颠簸运动，确立干摩擦是实现活性物质高阶动力学的简单机制。
AI 中文摘要
静止与运动之间的突变会使基于位置、速度和加速度的标准牛顿描述不完备，需要用到如急动度（位置的三阶时间导数）这类更高阶导数。本文中，我们证明活性与干摩擦的相互作用会在自推进颗粒中产生以急动度为主导的稳健动力学：在活性力作用下，颗粒速度随时间呈二次方增长，这与传统牛顿动力学预期的线性增长形成对比。我们通过分析、数值模拟和实验，利用在垂直振动板上自推进的活性振动机器人（active vibrobots）验证了该行为，在低振动振幅下，表面粗糙度产生干摩擦，与活性结合时便会引发颠簸运动。我们的结果确立了干摩擦是在活性物质中实现高阶动力学的简单机制，并表明颠簸动力学可能广泛存在于存在摩擦接触的非平衡系统中。
英文摘要
Abrupt transitions between rest and motion can render the standard Newtonian description -- based on position, velocity, and acceleration -- incomplete, requiring higher-order derivatives such as the jerk, the third time derivative of position. Here, we show that the interplay between activity and dry friction gives rise to robust jerk-dominated dynamics in self-propelled particles: the particle speed increases quadratically with time under an active force, in contrast to the linear growth expected for conventional Newtonian dynamics. We demonstrate this behavior analytically, numerically, and experimentally using active vibrobots self-propelling on a vertically vibrating plate at low vibration amplitudes, where surface asperities generate dry friction and, thus, give rise to jerky motion when combined with activity. Our results establish dry friction as a simple mechanism for realizing higher-order dynamics in active matter and suggest that jerky dynamics may arise broadly in nonequilibrium systems with frictional contacts.
Comments8 pages, 5 figures
