Cassiopee：为自适应光学应用定义下一代可变形镜与高速短波红外相机
Cassiopee: Defining the next-generation deformable mirror and high-speed SWIR camera for adaptive optics applications
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中文总结 AI 辅助
Cassiopee项目针对四类应用场景推导自适应光学误差预算，确定可变形镜与高速短波红外相机的定量要求，搭建测试台并规划利用EKARUS的在轨验证路线，为下一代AO系统组件提供规格依据。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
天文学、光通信、空间态势感知及激光防御领域的未来自适应光学（AO）系统，需要新一代组件，其运行速度、灵敏度与精度需达到前所未有的水平。我们提出一种系统方法，用于定义两项关键技术的规格：大规格、高帧频的短波红外（SWIR）相机，以及高阶可变形镜（DM）。我们从四个代表性应用场景——高对比度系外行星成像、自由空间光通信、卫星观测、激光聚焦——出发，推导详细的AO误差预算，以识别主要性能驱动因素。该分析为DM（促动器数量、行程、带宽、电子设备）与相机（读出噪声、量子效率、帧速率、延迟、暗电流）确定了定量要求，这些要求是在与工业伙伴密切合作下制定的。随后，我们描述了一个集成实验测试台，旨在在大气及系统级扰动下，于闭合AO环路中验证这两项组件，此类扰动代表了天文学与电信应用的典型情况。最后，我们概述了利用EKARUS（阿夏戈天文台的新型AO设施）进行在轨验证的路线图，该路线图弥合了组件合格认证与未来极大望远镜及地空光链路部署之间的差距。
英文摘要
Future adaptive optics (AO) systems for astronomy, optical communications, space situational awareness, and laser-based defense require a new generation of components operating at unprecedented speed, sensitivity, and precision. We present a systematic approach to defining the specifications of two key technologies: a large-format, high-cadence SWIR camera and a high-order deformable mirror (DM). Starting from four representative use-cases, high-contrast exoplanet imaging, free-space optical communications, satellite observation, and laser focusing, we derive detailed AO error budgets to identify the dominant performance drivers. This analysis defines quantitative requirements for the DM (actuator count, stroke, bandwidth, electronics) and the camera (read noise, quantum efficiency, frame rate, latency, and dark current), developed in close collaboration with industrial partners. We then describe an integrated experimental testbed designed to validate both components in a closed AO loop under atmospheric and system-level disturbances representative of astronomical and telecom applications. Finally, we outline the roadmap toward on-sky validation with EKARUS, the new AO facility at Asiago Observatory, bridging the gap between component qualification and deployment in future extremely large telescopes and ground-to-space optical links.
