基于数字语义分数衡量数字劳动力市场转型：应用于荷兰劳动力市场的AI方法
Measuring Digital Labour Market Transitions with a Digital Semantic Score: An AI-Based Methodology Applied to the Dutch Labour Market
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究开发AI方法，结合嵌入相似性搜索与大语言模型分类，提出数字语义分数，分析荷兰劳动力市场数字化的不均分布、职业转型路径及数字能力多维性，为相关政策提供支撑。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
荷兰劳动力市场的数字化转型正在重塑职业语言、职业路径和与工作相关的技能，应对这些变化需要精细化的劳动力市场情报。本文开发了一种基于AI的方法，利用覆盖数百万份荷兰职业档案的数据来分析数字化。该方法结合了基于嵌入的相似性搜索和大语言模型分类，将非结构化的职业信息映射到协调统一的ESCO职业分类中。我们还提出了数字语义分数，用于衡量职位名称和技能与数字概念的关联强度，相对于非数字参考基准。该指标使用嵌入和余弦相似度来处理透明的数字和非数字锚定组，超越了基于关键词的方法，能够捕捉职业语言和工人技能概况中更广泛的数字含义，支持跨职业、职业转型、新兴职位名称词汇以及技能数字性的分析。研究结果显示，数字化在劳动力市场中的分布不均：数字职位名称语言在管理、专业和ICT相关职业中最为突出，但在混合业务、营销和自动化相关岗位中也日益明显。职业转型分析表明，向数字工作的流动依赖于路径，而技能分析则凸显了数字能力的多维性，涵盖技术、混合和业务系统技能。通过结合档案数据、AI支持的职业分类和语义评分，本研究推进了AI驱动的劳动力市场分析，提供了监测数字劳动力市场变化的可扩展框架，有助于识别新兴技能需求、支持再培训策略，并为解决荷兰技能错配和劳动力短缺问题提供政策参考。
英文摘要
The digital transformation of the Dutch labour market is reshaping occupational language, career pathways, and job-related skills. Addressing these changes requires granular labour market intelligence. This paper develops an AI-based methodology to analyse digitalisation using data covering millions of Dutch job profiles. The methodology combines embedding-based similarity search and large language model classification to map unstructured job information to harmonised ESCO occupations. We also introduce a Digital Semantic Score that measures how strongly job titles and skills are associated with digital concepts relative to a non-digital reference. Using embeddings and cosine similarity to transparent digital and non-digital anchor groups, this indicator moves beyond keyword-based approaches by capturing broader digital meanings in occupational language and worker skill profiles. It enables analysis across occupations, career transitions, emerging job-title vocabulary, and skill digitality. The findings reveal that digitalisation is unevenly distributed across the labour market. Digital job-title language is most prominent among managerial, professional and ICT-related occupations, but is increasingly visible in hybrid business, marketing and automation-related roles. Career-transition analyses show that movement toward digital work is pathway-dependent, while skill analyses highlight the multidimensional nature of digital capability, encompassing technical, hybrid and business-systems skills. By combining profile data, AI-supported occupational classification and semantic scoring, this study advances AI-driven labour market analytics and provides a scalable framework for monitoring digital labour market change. The methodology helps identify emerging skill needs, support reskilling strategies, and inform policies addressing skills mismatches and labour shortages in the Netherlands.
