发表机构
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Mahindra University; BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus; University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign; Indian Institute of Astrophysics; Observatoire de Paris; PSL University; Sorbonne University; CNRS（印度理工学院卡拉格普尔分校; 马恒达大学; 比尔拉科学技术学院皮拉尼K·K·比拉果阿校区; 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校; 印度天体物理研究所; 巴黎天文台; 巴黎文理研究大学; 索邦大学; 法国国家科学研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究基于YOLOv11深度学习框架，从GOTHIC巡天的46061个被拒星系中区分真实双活动星系核，得到约1.4万至1.8万个合理候选体，大幅降低了检测污染并扩展了双活动星系核的普查范围。
AI 中文摘要
双活动星系核（Dual active galactic nuclei, DAGN）是并合星系演化和超大质量黑洞配对过程中的关键阶段，但在大型成像巡天中难以识别，原因包括投影效应和空间分辨率有限。致密前景恒星与未分辨的子结构会通过偶然叠加模拟双核，使自动检测复杂化。我们重新审视了GOTHIC管道标记但拒绝的46061个星系候选体，这些候选体被排除的主要原因是双核位于SDSS光纤孔径内或超出其分离阈值。我们基于YOLOv11定向边界框架构，在标注的SDSS成像数据上训练了一个监督深度学习框架，以区分真实双核与前景恒星污染物及其他虚假对齐结构。最终模型在双核类别上的验证精度为0.919，召回率为0.905，F1值为0.912；在去除恒星主导和混合检测后，得到29605个双核候选体。结构化目视检查显示，其中54.5%至62%符合真实双核特征，意味着约有1.4×10^4至1.8×10^4个合理系统。将YOLO分离结果与确定性GOTHIC质心测量进行交叉校准，并限制在致密区域（分离度d≤6.87''），得到约13672个保守候选体，校准后分离度约为0.56''。对最致密（≤1千秒差距）系统的光谱分析表明，它们以被动吸收线星系为主，无分辨出的双峰发射，因此确认需要更高分辨率的后续观测。该星表是统计上优化的候选体列表，而非已确认的DAGN；不过，深度学习检测大幅降低了污染并扩大了合理DAGN的普查范围。
英文摘要
Dual active galactic nuclei (DAGN) mark a critical phase in the evolution of merging galaxies and the pairing of supermassive black holes, yet they remain difficult to identify in large imaging surveys because of projection effects and limited spatial resolution. Compact foreground stars and unresolved substructure can mimic dual nuclei through chance superposition, complicating automated detection. We revisit the 46,061 galaxies flagged but rejected as DAGN candidates by the GOTHIC pipeline, primarily because the two nuclei fell within the SDSS fibre aperture or exceeded its separation threshold. We train a supervised deep-learning framework based on the YOLOv11 oriented-bounding-box architecture on annotated SDSS imaging to separate genuine dual nuclei from foreground stellar contaminants and other spurious alignments. The final model attains a validation precision of 0.919, recall of 0.905, and $F_1$ of 0.912 for the dual-nuclei class, and yields 29,605 dual-nucleus candidates after removing star-dominated and blended detections. Structured visual inspection indicates that $54.5$--$62\%$ are consistent with genuine dual nuclei, implying $\sim(1.4$--$1.8)\times10^{4}$ plausible systems. Cross-calibrating the YOLO separation against the deterministic GOTHIC centroid measurement and restricting to the compact regime ($d \le 6.87''$) gives a conservative subset of $\sim 13{,}672$ candidates, reaching calibrated separations of $\sim 0.56''$. Spectroscopy of the most compact ($\le 1$~kpc) systems shows they are dominated by passive, absorption-line galaxies with no resolved double-peaked emission, so confirmation requires higher-resolution follow-up. The catalogue is a statistically refined list of candidates, not confirmed DAGN. Nonetheless, deep-learning detection substantially reduces contamination and expands the plausible DAGN census.
CommentsSubmitted to MNRAS. Supplementary Material merged in the main text
