AI 中文总结
该研究预测二元玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中存在一类新型稳定三维旋转涡旋量子液滴团簇，揭示其形成条件与特性，为观测涡旋线稳定阵列提供了新方向。
AI 中文摘要
我们预测了一种新型稳定三维（3D）涡旋量子液滴，存在于二元玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中，排列成环形团簇并在外势中持续旋转。与由局域量子液滴构成的团簇不同，本文引入的态是具有相同拓扑电荷的相互作用涡旋线，嵌套在共同的三维包络中，且与局域量子液滴相比，存在于更宽的参数范围内。玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的平均场非线性、由Lee-Huang-Yang修正描述的量子涨落、旋转产生的科里奥利力以及外势之间的复杂相互作用，导致团簇形状随旋转频率增加而发生显著变化。旋转涡旋团簇从单涡旋量子液滴分岔产生，仅存在于高于临界旋转频率的情况，该临界频率随化学势增加而降低，且取决于团簇中涡旋线的数量。团簇半径随旋转频率增加而减小，随化学势变化微弱，化学势主要决定团簇中单个涡旋的局域化程度及其包络的整体宽度。涡旋液滴团簇是非常稳定的客体，在形成它们的任意数量（奇数或偶数）涡旋线的粒子数的宽区间内均以稳定形式存在。我们的结果可能为观测不同构型涡旋线的稳定阵列开辟途径，这些阵列在凝聚体中进行规则的集体运动。
英文摘要
We predict a new type of stable three-dimensional (3D) vortex quantum droplets in binary Bose-Einstein condensate arranged into ring clusters that per-sistently rotate in the external potential. In contrast to clusters composed from localized quantum droplets, the states introduced here represent interacting vortex lines with identical topological charges nested in common 3D envelope and existing in much broader parameter range in comparison with local-ized quantum droplets. The intricate interplay between mean-field nonlinearity of Bose-Einstein condensate, quantum fluctuations described by Lee-Huang-Yang correction, Coriolis force arising due to rotation, and external potential leads to substantial variations of cluster shape upon increase of its rotation frequency. Rotating vortex clusters bifurcate from single-vortex quantum droplets and exist only above critical value of the rotation frequency that decreases with increase of chemical potential and depends on the number of vortex lines in the cluster. The radius of the cluster decreases with increase of rotation frequency and weakly varies with chemical potential, which determines mostly localization of the individual vortices in cluster and overall width of its envelope. Vortex droplet clusters are very robust objects existing in stable form in wide intervals of the number of particles for any number (odd or even) of vortex lines forming them. Our results may open the route to observation of stable arrays of vortex lines of different configurations per-forming regular collective motion in condensate.
Comments7 pages, 6 figures, Published in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals
