AI 中文总结
本研究针对89名大学生，设计了可视化延迟-碳权衡的生态反馈界面，发现延迟升高会降低用户对该界面的使用意愿，而碳减排认知与生态意识则会提升意愿，该界面可作为促进可持续LLMs使用的教育手段。
AI 中文摘要
大语言模型（LLMs）正越来越多地融入社会的各个方面，从搜索到教育、工业和金融应用。这些系统的碳足迹和水足迹引发了重要的可持续性问题，尤其是大学生对LLMs的使用率超过80%，但目前对个人使用LLMs的环境影响知之甚少。生态反馈界面是鼓励更可持续行为的一种有前景的方法，但其在塑造LLMs用户的可持续性意识和决策方面的作用仍未得到充分探索。我们设计并部署了一种界面，可在LLMs实时交互过程中可视化延迟-碳的权衡关系。我们对89名年龄在18-24岁的本科计算机科学专业学生进行了研究，这些学生均修读了计算伦理课程，该研究为技术复杂且注重价值观的用户群体对具有可持续性意识的AI界面的反应提供了实证视角。我们发现，随着感知到的响应延迟增加，用户选择生态反馈系统的可能性显著降低（p <.001）；而当用户认识到碳减排的影响时，其使用意愿会提高（p <.01）。此外，具有更强生态意识的学生对采用低碳模式的基线意愿更高，且报告其对LLMs使用的环境影响的意识有所增强，不过这种影响会随着延迟增加而减弱。这些结果表明，生态反馈界面是一种有前景的可持续性干预手段，并凸显了其作为教育机会的潜力，可在大学生及更广泛群体中促进更可持续的LLMs使用。
英文摘要
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being embedded into all facets of society, from search to education, industrial, and financial applications. These systems' carbon and water footprints raise important sustainability concerns, particularly with adoption rates exceeding 80% among university students, despite limited insight into the environmental impacts of individual usage. Eco-feedback interfaces offer a promising approach to encourage more sustainable behaviors, yet their role in shaping LLM users' sustainability awareness and decision-making remains underexplored. We design and deploy the interface that visualizes latency-carbon trade-offs during live LLM interactions. We study its use with undergraduate computer science students (N=89, ages 18-24), enrolled in a computing ethics course, providing an empirical look at how a technically sophisticated and values-oriented user population responds to sustainability-aware AI interfaces. We found that the likelihood of choosing the eco-feedback system significantly decreased as perceived response latency increased (p < .001), while users' willingness increased when they recognized the carbon-saving impacts (p < .01). Also, students with stronger eco-mindedness demonstrated higher baseline willingness to adopt lower-carbon modes and reported increased awareness of the environmental impacts of LLM use, though this effect diminished as latency increased. These results position eco-feedback interfaces as a promising sustainability intervention and highlight their potential as an educational opportunity to promote more sustainable LLM use among university students and beyond.
CommentsAccepted at ICT4S 2026
Journal ref2026 12th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S), Bern, Switzerland, 2026, pp. 322-334
DOI：10.23919/ICT4SCPS00102.2026.00038
