自发对称性破缺附近的可调介导相互作用：从汤川势到库仑势及Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用
Tunable Mediated Interactions Near Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: From Yukawa to Coulomb and Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya Interactions
AI总结：
该研究提出利用自发对称性破缺附近的南部-戈德斯通模式实现可调长程介导相互作用，可呈现汤川势、库仑势等形式，为构建自旋模型和极化子量子模拟器提供了新途径。
AI中文摘要：
我们提出了一种在自发对称性破缺附近实现可调长程介导相互作用的方案，该相互作用由南部-戈德斯通（Nambu-Goldstone, NG）模式产生。两种可区分杂质之间会出现有效交换相互作用，其大小与浴粒子介导的延迟 susceptibility 成正比。这种相互作用由系统对称性破缺相关的涌现NG模式介导，例如排斥型两分量费米气体或玻色气体中的磁振子模式，以及玻色-费米混合物中的戈德斯廷（goldstino）模式。当NG模式因显式对称性破缺产生能隙时，相互作用呈汤川型短程形式；而在无隙极限下则呈现库仑定律形式。在NG模式阈值以上，会出现长程形式的类Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya叉乘耦合。我们的方案为实现具有可控非局域相互作用的自旋模型和极化子量子模拟器开辟了道路。
英文摘要：
We propose a realization of tunable long-range mediated interactions generated by Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes near spontaneous symmetry breaking. An effective exchange interaction emerges between two distinguishable impurities proportional to the retarded susceptibility mediated by the bath particles. The interaction is mediated by emergent NG modes associated with symmetry breaking in systems, namely the magnon mode in a repulsive two-component Fermi or Bose gas, or the goldstino mode in a Bose-Fermi mixture. When the NG mode is gapped by explicit symmetry breaking, the interaction has a Yukawa-type short-ranged interaction, whereas the gapless limit gives a Coulomb law. Above the NG mode threshold, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-like cross product coupling emerges in a long-range form. Our proposal paves a way towards the realization of a quantum simulator of spin models and polarons with controllable non-local interactions.
