AI 中文总结
本文定义双黑洞并合的高阶记忆信号，研究Cosmic Explorer探测器网络对弹道记忆位移的测量能力，发现其每年可检测数十个并合的位移记忆，运行约一年可找到自旋和质心记忆效应的证据。
AI 中文摘要
在远离孤立源的渐近平直时空中，引力波（GW）会发生自相互作用，以及与时变四维动量和角动量相关的时空曲率部分相互作用。这些时空非线性效应会在引力波应变及其时间积分中产生独特偏移，其中应变的偏移被称为位移记忆效应，而应变积分的偏移则被称为“高阶”引力波记忆效应。现有数据分析管道会在当前引力波探测器观测到的双黑洞并合样本中搜寻位移记忆效应的证据（尽管尚未找到该效应的确凿证据）。高阶记忆效应的第一组包括自旋和质心效应（统称为“漂移”记忆），第二组是“弹道”记忆效应。已有研究表明，下一代地面引力波探测器可在其能观测到的大量双黑洞中找到自旋记忆效应的证据。本文中，我们研究由两台Cosmic Explorer探测器组成的探测器网络测量弹道记忆信号位移的能力。我们首先明确与这些记忆效应相关的时变引力波信号的合适定义，基于位移和高阶记忆信号的定义，我们发现Cosmic Explorer网络每年可从数十个独立并合中检测到位移记忆，且在设计灵敏度下运行约一年后，可在一批并合中找到自旋和质心记忆效应的证据。
英文摘要
In asymptotically flat spacetimes far from an isolated source, gravitational waves (GWs) undergo nonlinear interactions with themselves and with the parts of the spacetime curvature related to the time-dependent four-momentum and angular momentum of the spacetime. These spacetime nonlinearities produce distinctive offsets in the GW strain and its time integrals, which have been referred to as the displacement memory effect for the strain and ``higher'' GW memory effects for the integrals of the strain. There are existing data analysis pipelines that search for evidence for the displacement memory effect in the population of binary-black-hole mergers observed by current GW detectors (though conclusive evidence for the effect has not yet been found). The first set of higher memory effects include the spin and center-of-mass effects (collectively, ``drift'' memory), and the second is the ``ballistic'' memory effect. Prior work has shown that next-generation, ground-based GW detectors could find evidence for the spin memory effect in the large population of binary black holes that these detectors will be capable of observing. In this paper, we investigate how well a detector network of two Cosmic Explorer detectors can measure the displacement through ballistic memory signals. We first formulate what are appropriate notions of time-dependent GW signals associated with these memory effects. With these definitions of displacement and higher memory signals, we find that the Cosmic Explorer network is capable of detecting the displacement memory from tens of individual mergers per year and capable of finding evidence for the spin and center-of-mass memory effects in a population of mergers after a roughly one-year observation run at design sensitivity. [Abstract abridged]
