利用伊奥夫时间分布对质子进行飞秒级成像
Femtoscale imaging of the proton with Ioffe-time distributions
AI总结：
本研究提出基于 impact-parameter 伊奥夫时间分布的强子结构时空描述，利用格点量子色动力学首次计算伊奥夫时间依赖的质子均方半径，还推导了康普顿形状因子与广义伊奥夫时间分布的关系并首次从格点计算提取该形状因子。
AI中文摘要：
绘制强相互作用组分在质子内的分布是核物理的核心目标，也是未来电子离子对撞机项目的重要方向。我们提出一种基于 impact-parameter 伊奥夫时间分布的强子结构时空描述，该分布关联质子动量横向平面内的空间密度，以及探针吸收与产物发射在纵向方向的时间差。我们利用格点量子色动力学，首次计算了伊奥夫时间依赖的质子均方半径，并将结果与 Goloskokov-Kroll 模型的估计值进行比较。我们推导了实验可测量的康普顿形状因子与广义伊奥夫时间分布之间的关系，这使我们能首次从格点计算中提取康普顿形状因子。
英文摘要：
Mapping how strongly interacting constituents are distributed within protons is a key goal of nuclear physics and a major direction of the future Electron Ion Collider program. We propose a novel space-time description of hadron structure in terms of impact-parameter Ioffe-time distributions, relating spatial density in the plane transverse to the proton momentum and the time between the probe's absorption and the product's emission in the longitudinal direction. Using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics, we perform the first calculation of the Ioffe-time-dependent mean squared proton radii and compare our results with estimates in the Goloskokov-Kroll model. We derive a relationship between the experimentally measurable Compton form factor and the generalized Ioffe-time distribution, which allows us to perform the first extraction of the Compton form factor from lattice calculations.
