AI 中文总结
本研究观测到里德伯原子间由自旋轨道耦合驱动的电子自旋相互作用，实现了对其的调控与验证，拓展了里德伯原子阵列量子模拟的研究范围。
AI 中文摘要
我们报告了里德伯原子间电子自旋相互作用的观测结果，该相互作用由二阶偶极微扰下的自旋轨道耦合驱动，且呈现出由原子构型决定的空间各向异性。具体而言，我们观测到了相干电子自旋交换动力学，测得的耦合强度与数值计算及理论模型吻合良好。此外，我们证明全局微波修饰可通过在参与态间引入差分交流斯塔克位移，实现自旋交换的主动调控与动力学冻结。同时，通过施加更强的磁场，我们实现了该相互作用的可调性，这能有效改变潜在自旋轨道耦合通道的能量贡献。最后，对平行或垂直于磁场排列的一维多原子链中的自旋动力学进行测量，为各向异性XXZ框架提供了自洽验证。这种电子自旋相互作用天生具有自旋-位置耦合特性，可自然映射到海森堡-基塔耶夫模型。我们的发现揭示了里德伯原子间一类新型电子自旋-自旋相互作用，拓展了里德伯原子阵列量子模拟的研究范围。
英文摘要
We report the observation of electron spin interactions between Rydberg atoms, which are driven by spin-orbit coupling through second-order dipole perturbation and exhibit a spatial anisotropy governed by the atomic configuration. Specifically, we observe coherent electron spin exchange dynamics, with the measured coupling strength agreeing well with both numerical calculations and theoretical models. Furthermore, we show that global microwave dressing enables active engineering and dynamical freezing of the spin exchange by introducing a differential AC Stark shift between the participating states. Additionally, we achieve tunability of the interaction by applying a stronger magnetic field, which effectively modifies the energy contributions of the underlying spin-orbit coupling channels. Finally, measuring spin dynamics in one-dimensional multi-atom chains aligned parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field provides a self-consistent validation of the anisotropic XXZ framework. This electron spin interaction natively features spin-position coupling and enables a natural mapping onto the Heisenberg-Kitaev model. Our findings reveal a new class of electron spin-spin interactions among Rydberg atoms, expanding the scope of quantum simulation with Rydberg atom arrays.
Comments12 pages, 12 figures
