通用自旋-位置耦合里德伯相互作用
Universal Spin-Position Coupled Rydberg Interactions
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究发现当两个s轨道里德伯原子主量子数相差最优值时会产生通用自旋-位置耦合里德伯相互作用，其为新型本征磁相互作用，并用于实现含条纹相的Kitaev-Heisenberg模型。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
s轨道里德伯原子间的强相互作用是基于原子阵列的量子计算和量子模拟的基础。通常，这些相互作用的自旋依赖性可忽略，无实际作用。在本文中，我们发现当两个s轨道原子的主量子数相差一个“ sweet-spot”（最优值）时，会出现强的电子自旋依赖型里德伯相互作用。该相互作用源于附近p轨道的精细结构分裂，赋予其独特的对称性，使电子自旋与两原子的相对位置耦合，具有空间定义的各向异性。我们进一步证明该相互作用具有通用形式，与主量子数无关，并强调其与传统磁偶极相互作用的根本区别，确立其为自然界中一种新型的本征磁相互作用。我们的发现为里德伯量子模拟工具箱引入了新元素。作为具体应用，我们提出了Kitaev-Heisenberg模型的本征实现，该模型拥有一种不寻常的条纹相，作为自旋-空间锁定的量子多体表现。
英文摘要
Strong interactions between $s$-orbital Rydberg atoms underpin atom-array-based quantum computation and quantum simulation. Typically, the spin dependence of these interactions is negligible and plays no practical role. In this Letter, we uncover that a strong electron-spin-dependent Rydberg interaction can emerge when the principal quantum numbers of the two $s$-orbital atoms differ by a sweet-spot value. This interaction originates from the fine-structure splitting of nearby $p$ orbitals, which endows it with distinct symmetry properties such that the electron spins are coupled to the relative position of the two atoms, featuring a spatially defined anisotropy. We further demonstrate that this interaction admits a universal form, independent of the principal quantum numbers, and highlight its fundamental distinction from conventional magnetic dipolar interactions, establishing it as a new type of native magnetic interaction in nature. Our findings introduce a new element to the Rydberg quantum simulation toolbox. As a concrete application, we propose a native realization of the Kitaev-Heisenberg model, which hosts an unusual stripe phase as a quantum many-body manifestation of spin-space locking.
