AI 中文总结
本研究编制第24太阳活动周新现日冕洞目录，发现其出现率与太阳黑子数负相关，为开放磁通量演化提供观测约束。
AI 中文摘要
日冕洞（CHs）是主要具有开放磁场的区域，是高速太阳风的重要来源。我们基于SolarMonitor提供的每日CHIMERA图，手动编制了第24太阳活动周（2010-2019年）中新出现日冕洞的目录。与现有的基于面积的目录不同，我们的数据集追踪了新日冕洞在北半球、南半球和赤道纬度带的每日出现情况。赤道日冕洞的出现率与国际太阳黑子数呈负相关（皮尔逊相关系数r=-0.523，p值为6.2×10^-9），表明在太阳极大期附近低纬度日冕洞的形成减少。日冕洞出现的半球不对称性也与太阳黑子活动的半球不对称性呈负相关（r=-0.461，p值为5.2×10^-7），说明新日冕洞优先在太阳黑子活动较低的半球出现。总日冕洞出现率在太阳极大期附近最低，在下降期最高。这些结果为太阳周期内开放磁通量的演化提供了新的观测约束。
英文摘要
Coronal holes (CHs) are regions of predominantly open magnetic field and important sources of high-speed solar wind streams. We present a manually compiled catalogue of newly emerging CHs during Solar Cycle 24 (2010-2019), identified from daily CHIMERA maps provided by SolarMonitor. Unlike existing area-based catalogues, our dataset tracks the daily emergence of new CHs in northern, southern, and equatorial latitude zones. The emergence rate of equatorial CHs is anti-correlated with the International Sunspot Number (Pearson r = -0.523, p = 6.2 x 10^-9), indicating reduced formation of low-latitude CHs near solar maximum. The hemispheric asymmetry of CH emergence is also anti-correlated with the hemispheric asymmetry of sunspot activity (r = -0.461, p = 5.2 x 10^-7), suggesting that new CHs preferentially emerge in the hemisphere with lower sunspot activity. The total CH emergence rate is lowest near solar maximum and highest during the declining phase. These results provide new observational constraints on the evolution of open magnetic flux over the solar cycle.
