AI 中文总结
该研究结合DESI-DR2等观测数据检验广义运行真空模型，发现其拟合效果优于标准$\Lambda$CDM模型，是可行的宇宙学替代方案。
AI 中文摘要
受量子效应会在真空状态方程上留下印记，使其偏离标准宇宙学常数关系$P_{\rm vac}=-\rho_{\rm vac}$这一事实的驱动，本研究探讨广义运行真空模型（RVMs），该模型考虑了动力学真空状态方程，其中真空能量密度$\rho_{\text{vac}}$随哈勃参数$H$及其时间导数$\dot{H}$演化。该公式通过将真空能量密度对$H^2$和$\dot{H}$的依赖关系纳入考量，扩展了先前的运行真空方法。研究推导并分析了对应的弗里德曼方程，以探究其对宇宙膨胀的影响。通过结合宇宙微波背景位移参数、DESI-DR2观测结果、PantheonPlus Ia型超新星汇编以及哈勃率$H(z)$测量值的联合统计分析，对模型参数进行约束。采用信息准则（赤池信息准则AIC和偏差信息准则DIC）进行模型比较，以评估RVMs相对于标准$\Lambda$CDM场景的统计性能。结果表明，广义RVMs能很好地拟合当前观测结果，是标准$\Lambda$CDM模型在统计上具有竞争力的替代方案。值得注意的是，所有三种运行真空形式的AIC和DIC值均低于$\Lambda$CDM，表明动力学运行真空能量仍是可行的宇宙学场景。
英文摘要
Motivated by the fact that quantum effects leave an imprint on the vacuum equation of state, making it depart from the standard cosmological constant relation, $P_{\rm vac}=-ρ_{\rm vac}$, this work investigates generalized running vacuum models (RVMs) by considering a dynamical vacuum equation of state in which the vacuum energy density, $ρ_{\text{vac}}$, evolves as a function of the Hubble parameter, $H$, and its time derivative, $\dot{H}$. This formulation extends previous running vacuum approaches by incorporating a dependence of the vacuum energy density on both, $H^2$ and $\dot{H}$. The corresponding Friedmann equations are derived and analyzed to study their impact on cosmic expansion. The model parameters are constrained through a joint statistical analysis combining the cosmic microwave background shift parameters, DESI-DR2 observations, PantheonPlus type Ia supernovae compilation, and Hubble rate $H(z)$ measurements. Model comparison is performed using information criteria, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), in order to assess the statistical performance of the RVMs relative to the standard $Λ$CDM scenario. The results show that the generalized RVMs provide a good fit to current observations and represent a statistically competitive alternative to the standard $Λ$CDM model. Notably, all three running vacuum formulations yield lower AIC and DIC values than $Λ$CDM, indicating that dynamical running vacuum energy remains a viable cosmological scenario.
Comments14 pages, 4 figures
