AI 中文总结
该研究通过流体动力学模拟发现，宇宙环境会调控原初黑洞的演化，不同环境下原初黑洞呈现不同特征，小红点这类致密黑洞源是其演化的一个阶段，初始种子属性与环境共同塑造早期黑洞-星系共演化。
AI 中文摘要
我们利用一组流体动力学模拟，研究宇宙环境如何调控早期宇宙中原初黑洞（PBH）种子的演化。与传统的种子形成通道不同，原初黑洞无需有利于气体坍缩/碎裂的特殊条件（这类条件偏向高密度区域）即可形成早期黑洞种子，因此能覆盖多样的大尺度环境。我们发现，原初黑洞会根据气体供给和暗晕形成历史遵循不同的演化路径：在低密度区域，有限的气体流入会抑制吸积和恒星形成，形成暗弱、贫金属的系统；而在高密度环境中，持续的气体流入会驱动黑洞快速增长，并形成致密、中心聚集的恒星成分。这些差异导致黑洞-恒星质量比、金属丰度和形态存在巨大差异，共同限定了原初黑洞种子系统一系列可能的演化路径。我们表明，类似近期观测到的小红点（Little Red Dots）的致密、黑洞主导的源，自然是这些演化路径中的一个阶段，之后会演化成更延展的星系-活动星系核系统。我们的结果表明，初始种子属性和宇宙环境共同塑造了早期黑洞-星系的共同演化，而后续的环境调控可能会抹去初始种子通道的印记。
英文摘要
We investigate how cosmological environment regulates the evolution of primordial black hole (PBH) seeds in the early universe using a suite of hydrodynamical simulations. Unlike traditional seeding channels, PBHs provide early BH seeds without the need of special conditions for gas collapse/fragmentation that favor overdense regions, thus covering diverse large-scale environments. We find that PBHs follow distinct evolutionary pathways depending on the gas supply and halo assembly history. In underdense regions, limited inflow suppresses both accretion and star formation, producing faint, metal-poor systems, while in overdense environments, sustained gas inflow drives rapid BH growth and the formation of compact, centrally concentrated stellar components. These differences lead to large variations in BH-to-stellar mass ratio, metallicity, and morphology, collectively bracketing a range of possible evolutionary pathways for PBH-seeded systems. We show that compact, BH-dominated sources resembling recently observed Little Red Dots naturally arise as one phase within these evolutionary pathways before evolving into more extended galaxy--AGN systems. Our results suggest that both the initial seed properties and cosmological environment jointly shape early BH--galaxy co-evolution, while subsequent environmental regulation can erase the memory of the initial seeding channel.
Comments18 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
