满足量子码：基于SAT求解器的物理感知与硬件感知的码设计
Satisfying Quantum Codes: Physics-Informed and Hardware-Aware Code Design with SAT Solvers
AI总结：
该研究将量子码设计转化为SAT问题，利用SAT求解器高效设计物理感知与硬件感知量子码，成果包括分钟级设计100物理量子比特的受物理启发码，及逻辑错误率优于表面码的偏置噪声硬件感知码。
AI中文摘要：
尽管量子纠错被广泛认为是量子计算机实现有影响力应用的必要条件，但量子纠错码的设计大多是手动完成的，未考虑问题或硬件约束。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个高度通用且灵活的框架，用于基于计算方法设计受物理启发和硬件感知的量子码。为此，我们将码设计表述为布尔可满足性（SAT）问题，并展示如何纳入所有必需的纠错准则。我们证明码设计是NP完全问题，排除了通用设计码的任何高效算法。不过，我们表明最先进的SAT求解器能够有效为许多实际问题找到解决方案。值得注意的是，我们能够在几分钟内设计出具有多达100个物理量子比特的受物理启发的码，并且我们为偏置噪声设计了新的硬件感知码，其逻辑错误率低于最先进的表面码。
英文摘要：
Although quantum error correction is widely believed to be necessary for impactful applications of quantum computers, the design of quantum error correction codes is largely done by hand, without respect to problem or hardware constraints. In this work, we present a highly general and flexible framework for the computational design of both physics-inspired and hardware-aware quantum codes. To do so, we formulate code design as a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem and show how to incorporate all required error correction criteria. We prove that code design is NP-complete, ruling out any efficient algorithm for designing codes in general. Nonetheless, we show that state-of-the-art SAT solvers are able to effectively find solutions for many practical problems. Notably, we are able to design physics-inspired codes with up to 100 physical qubits in minutes, and we design new hardware-aware codes for biased noise which have a lower logical error rate than state-of-the-art surface codes.
