AI 中文总结
该研究针对中高频段频谱稀缺闲置问题，提出五种合作模式的运营商间频谱共享方案，经27基站7GHz载波的数字孪生评估，其用户速率增益超2.5倍，且仅需少量元数据交换即可实现。
AI 中文摘要
每个移动网络运营商（MNO）的专属授权频谱十分稀缺，而将其分配为固定的频率正交块时，在异构、时变的业务流量下会导致大量频谱闲置。大型天线阵列提供了另一种方案：运营商可将部分空间自由度（DoF）用于服务自身用户，部分用于抑制对其他运营商用户的干扰（零成形），从而让竞争网络复用同一频段。这引发两个问题：用DoF换取干扰抑制是否优于正交划分，以及实现该增益需要多少协调？我们将运营商间共享建模为单一零成形MU-MIMO预编码与干扰约束调度原语的一系列合作“模式”，涵盖正交划分、非合作复用、合作跨运营商保护，以及利用外部调度决策的感知调度边界。在真实多运营商部署的射线追踪数字孪生（含27个基站共享7GHz载波）上评估，这些合作模式相比非合作复用和正交划分，实现了超过2.5倍的中位数用户速率增益。关键在于，大部分增益仅需极少的运营商间信息交换，表明适度、可标准化的元数据交换，而非紧密联合处理，即可解锁共享频谱运行的大部分价值。
英文摘要
Spectrum exclusively licensed to each mobile network operator (MNO) is scarce, and assigning it in fixed, frequency-orthogonal blocks leaves much of it idle under heterogeneous, time-varying traffic. Large antenna arrays offer an alternative: an operator can spend part of its spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) serving its own users and part suppressing interference toward others' users (nullforming), letting competing networks reuse the same band. This raises two questions: does trading DoF for interference suppression beat orthogonal partitioning, and how much coordination is needed to realize the gain? We cast inter-operator sharing as a continuum of cooperation "shades" of a single null-forming MU-MIMO precoding and interference-constrained scheduling primitive, spanning orthogonal partitioning, non-cooperative reuse, cooperative cross-operator protection, and a scheduling-aware bound exploiting foreign scheduling decisions. Evaluated on a ray-traced digital twin of a real multi-operator deployment with 27 base stations sharing a 7 GHz carrier, the cooperative shades deliver more than a 2.5$\times$ median per-user rate gain over both non-cooperative reuse and orthogonal splitting. Crucially, most of this gain requires only minimal inter-operator information exchange, indicating that a modest, standardizable metadata exchange, rather than tight joint processing, unlocks most of the value of shared-spectrum operation.
