易腐产品的动态降价策略：减少浪费与提升盈利能力
Dynamic Markdown Strategies for Perishable Products: Waste Reduction versus Profitability
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文针对易腐产品，构建集成订货与降价决策的随机动态规划模型，提出高效求解方法，发现多次早期逐步降价可兼顾增收减废，且企业可依战略优先级定制降价策略。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
新鲜度是易腐商品（尤其食品领域）的关键属性，对消费者购买行为影响显著。零售商常优先维持高新鲜度以保持竞争力，但需求不确定性下，该标准会增加未售出库存与浪费的概率。零售商通过降价（markdowns）缓解此风险，却需谨慎协调折扣时机与幅度，避免收入损失或过剩浪费。本文研究零售商如何在集成决策框架内，联合优化易腐产品的订货与降价定价决策，以平衡盈利能力与减少浪费。该联合订货-降价定价问题被构建为随机动态规划模型，考虑常规价格与降价销售间的需求蚕食效应；通过加权目标函数刻画利润最大化与减少浪费的冲突目标，反映零售商的权衡偏好。为管控模型复杂性，本文提出高效求解方法，并开展数值实验评估不同降价策略的性能。结果表明，实施多次早期降价且逐步降价，可同时提升收入并减少浪费。研究得出关键管理启示：（i）企业可根据利润最大化、减少浪费或两者平衡的战略优先级定制降价策略；（ii）基于现有库存水平的早期且时机恰当的降价，可同时吸引追求品质的顾客与价格敏感群体；（iii）实施第二次或多次降价可进一步减少浪费并提升收入。
英文摘要
Freshness is a key attribute of perishable goods, particularly in the food sector, and strongly influences consumer purchasing behavior. Retailers often prioritize high freshness to remain competitive, yet maintaining this standard under demand uncertainty increases the likelihood of unsold inventory and waste. Retailers use markdowns to mitigate this risk, but the timing and depth of discounts must be carefully coordinated to avoid lost revenue or excess waste. This paper studies how retailers can jointly optimize order and markdown pricing decisions to balance profitability and waste reduction for perishable products within an integrated decision-making framework. The joint ordering-markdown pricing problem is formulated as a stochastic dynamic programming model that accounts for the demand cannibalization between regular price and markdown sales. The conflicting objectives of profit maximization and waste reduction are captured through a weighted objective function that reflects the retailer's trade-off preferences. To manage the complexity of the model, we propose an efficient solution approach and conduct numerical experiments to assess the performance of alternative markdown policies. Our results show that implementing multiple early price reductions with successive price reductions can simultaneously increase revenue and reduce waste. Our findings generate several key managerial insights: (i) firms can tailor their markdown policies according to their strategic priorities of profit maximization, waste reduction, or a balanced combination of both, (ii) early and well-timed markdowns based on available inventory levels allow firms to simultaneously attract quality-seeking customers and price-sensitive segments, (iii) implementing a second or multiple markdowns can further reduce waste while also increasing revenue.
