AI 中文总结
该研究提出保形智能全向表面（CIOS）方案，通过建立随机几何框架评估其性能，发现CIOS较平面IOS可显著提升反射与传输链路的成功连接概率，为室内外同步覆盖提供了低成本方案。
AI 中文摘要
传统无缝室内外覆盖依赖协调的室外宏蜂窝与室内小蜂窝，部署及回传成本高昂。智能全向表面（Intelligent Omni-Surface, IOS）可通过跨建筑边界的同时反射与传输提供替代方案。依托保形天线的最新进展，安装于建筑立面的保形智能全向表面（Conformal Intelligent Omni-Surface, CIOS）为集成室内外覆盖提供了灵活且易部署的解决方案。本文构建了随机几何框架，评估CIOS辅助网络服务室内外用户的下行性能。具体而言，建立了依赖建筑的空间模型，其中随机分布的建筑通过布尔方案建模，其立面安装CIOS。与平面IOS部署不同，保形集成引入了与几何相关的可见性约束，通过反射与传输的可见弧度量定义的参与单元有效数量来捕捉这些约束。结合这些约束，推导了三种CIOS运行协议下的覆盖概率表达式。数值结果表明，与平面IOS相比，CIOS可将反射链路和传输链路的成功连接概率分别提升高达75%和125%，但整体覆盖增益仍受遮挡条件影响，因为曲率会减小有效服务孔径。
英文摘要
Seamless indoor--outdoor coverage conventionally relies on coordinated outdoor macro cells and indoor small cells, incurring high deployment and backhaul costs. Intelligent omni-surfaces (IOSs) provide a promising alternative by enabling simultaneous reflection and transmission across building boundaries. Enabled by recent advances in conformal antennas, conformal IOSs (CIOSs) mounted on building facades offer a flexible and deployment-friendly solution for integrated indoor--outdoor coverage. This paper develops a stochastic-geometry framework to evaluate the downlink performance of CIOS-assisted networks serving both indoor and outdoor users. Specifically, a building-dependent spatial model is established where randomly located buildings are modeled via a Boolean scheme with CIOSs mounted on their facades. Unlike planar IOS deployment, conformal integration introduces geometry dependent visibility constraints, which are captured through the effective numbers of participating elements defined by visible arc metrics for reflection and transmission. Incorporating these constraints, coverage probability expressions are derived under three CIOS operating protocols. Numerical results show that, compared with planar IOS, CIOS improves the successful connection probabilities of the reflected and transmitted links by up to 75% and 125%, respectively, while the overall coverage gain remains dependent on blockage conditions because curvature reduces the effective serving aperture.
