自发电流决定活性物质中的毛细上升
Spontaneous currents determine capillary rise in active matter
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University（苏州大学物理科学与技术学院软凝聚态物理与交叉研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究针对活性物质中毛细上升未被解释的问题，从微观动力学建立了含粒子电流阻力的活性Jurin定律，揭示活性流体毛细上升与管形状相关的反直觉现象。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
简单被动流体在管中的毛细上升由表面张力与重力之间的力平衡控制，即Jurin毛细作用定律。对于由通过成对力相互作用的活性粒子组成的流体，机械表面张力为负，但仍有研究报道其存在毛细上升且尚未得到解释。我们从微观动力学建立了Jurin定律的活性形式，其包含由粒子电流产生的阻力，我们发现该阻力是导致毛细上升的原因。这些活性电流与负表面张力共同导致了平衡状态下不可能出现的复杂且反直觉的毛细作用现象，特别是活性流体的毛细上升取决于管的形状，而非仅取决于管的直径。
英文摘要
The capillary rise of simple passive fluids in a tube is given by Jurin's law of capillary action, which balances surface tension and gravity. For fluids composed of active particles interacting via pairwise forces, a capillary rise was reported despite a negative mechanical surface tension, a phenomenon which remains unexplained. We establish the active form of Jurin's law from the microscopic dynamics. It includes a drag emerging from particle currents that we find responsible for capillary rise. These active currents, alongside negative surface tension, lead to complex and counterintuitive capillary action phenomena that are impossible in equilibrium. In particular the capillary rise of active fluids depends on the shape of the tube, not solely on the tube diameter.
