发表机构
University of Texas at Arlington; Missouri University of Science and Technology; Meta Platforms, Inc.（阿灵顿得克萨斯大学; 密苏里科技大学; Meta平台公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出基于GHZ态与QND测量的QKD方案，可减少量子比特传输量，经NetSquid仿真验证其对12比特密钥保真度达100%，可扩展至多用户及服务器-客户端部署，适配带宽受限量子网络。
AI 中文摘要
传统量子密钥分发（QKD）要求传输的量子比特数量与密钥长度成正比或超过密钥长度，例如BB84协议因基矢筛选和隐私放大，传输的量子比特多于最终密钥大小。由于量子网络仍处于起步阶段且容量有限，这种开销给网络资源带来巨大压力。为解决该问题，本文提出一种基于多量子比特Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ）态的QKD方案，可减少量子信道上传输的量子比特数量。该方法在端点间传输1个GHZ量子比特，并借助量子非破坏（QND）测量复用所得纠缠，以传输多个经典密钥比特。在经认证的经典通信、本地重置验证及有界误差QND区分的既定假设下，生成（L+1）量子比特GHZ态并向远端方传输1个量子比特，即可传输L个经典比特。本文使用NetSquid量子网络模拟器验证正确性：在理想条件及每轮退极化噪声达p=0.005时，该协议对长度达12比特的密钥实现100%原始密钥保真度；还证明所提QKD算法可扩展至多用户QKD及服务器-客户端部署。该方案为带宽受限的量子网络提供了一种传输量子比特高效、抗噪的替代方案。
英文摘要
Conventional Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) requires the transmission of qubits proportional to or exceeding the length of the key, as protocols such as BB84 transmit more qubits than the final key size due to basis sifting and privacy amplification. Since quantum networks are still in their infancy and have limited capacity, this overhead puts significant pressure on network resources. To address this issue, we propose a Multi-Qubit Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger (GHZ) State-based QKD scheme that reduces the number of qubits transmitted over the quantum channel. The proposed method transmits one GHZ qubit between endpoints and reuses the resulting entanglement to convey multiple classical key bits with the help of Quantum Non-Demolition (QND) measurements. Under the stated assumptions on authenticated classical communication, local reset verification, and bounded-error QND discrimination, one can transfer $L$ classical bits by generating an (L+1)-qubit GHZ state and transferring one qubit to the remote party. We verify correctness using the NetSquid quantum network simulator: the protocol achieves 100\% raw-key fidelity for keys of length up to 12 bits under both ideal conditions and depolarizing noise up to p = 0.005 per round. We further show that the proposed QKD algorithm can be extended to multi-party QKD and server-client deployment. The proposed scheme offers a transmitted-qubit-efficient, noise-tolerant alternative for bandwidth-limited quantum networks.
Commentsfound a technical problem. proposed solution might not be correct
