面向制造知识图谱的可组合信任基础设施：跨系统溯源、时序推理与决策可追溯性
Composable Trust Infrastructure for Manufacturing Knowledge Graphs: Cross-System Provenance, Temporal Reasoning, and Decision Traceability
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出一种整合 SHACL 验证等四种信任能力的可组合信任基础设施，用于解决制造知识图谱的信任缺失问题，经实验验证其具备全链可审计性等涌现属性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
集成异构工业系统数据的制造知识图谱面临信任缺失问题：使用者无法确定查询数据是否有效、决策做出时该数据是否有效、数据的来源，以及数据如何被处理。本文提出四种信任能力——SHACL 验证、PROV-O 溯源、领域感知双时序版本控制和图原生决策对象——通过共享关联标识符组合，产生单一能力无法实现的涌现信任属性。本文提出一种可组合信任基础设施，将这四种能力整合为统一的 RDF 架构，各能力通过共享实体 URI、采集活动标识符和时序关联密钥组合，支持覆盖全部四个维度的复合查询。实验消融分析证实，移除任一能力都会导致六个组合查询中的三个失败，表明四种能力同等重要。对高阶组合的分析揭示了四种涌现的三方属性和一种不可约的四方属性（全链可审计性，执行时间为 31 毫秒）。该基础设施在集成 11 个工业数据源的测试台上得到验证，这些数据源包括 OPC UA、TIA Portal、eClass、AAS、ISA-95、ISA-18.2、SAP S/4HANA、Teamcenter、Opcenter EX、Insights Hub 和 SCM，采用符合 ISA-95 标准的 89 类本体。统一图包含五个命名图中的 8743 个三元组，由 81 条 owl:sameAs 身份边连接。评估使用来自专用模拟器的、结构真实的模拟数据，其数据结构和跨系统链接模式代表真实工业装置的情况。
英文摘要
Manufacturing knowledge graphs that integrate data from heterogeneous industrial systems face a trust deficit: consumers cannot determine whether queried data is valid, whether it was valid when a decision was made, where it originated, or how it was acted upon. We argue that four trust capabilities -- SHACL validation, PROV-O provenance, domain-aware bi-temporal versioning, and graph-native decision objects -- compose through shared correlation identifiers to produce emergent trust properties that no single capability delivers alone. We present a composable trust infrastructure that integrates these four capabilities into a unified RDF architecture. Capabilities compose through shared entity URIs, ingestion activity identifiers, and temporal correlation keys, enabling compound queries spanning all four dimensions. An experimental ablation confirms that removing any single capability causes exactly three of six composition queries to fail, demonstrating that all four are equally load-bearing. Analysis of higher-order compositions reveals four emergent three-way properties and one irreducible four-way property (full-chain auditability, 31ms execution). The infrastructure is validated on a testbed integrating eleven industrial sources -- OPC UA, TIA Portal, eClass, AAS, ISA-95, ISA-18.2, SAP S/4HANA, Teamcenter, Opcenter EX, Insights Hub, and SCM -- under an 89-class ISA-95-aligned ontology. The unified graph contains 8,743 triples across five named graphs, stitched by 81 owl:sameAs identity edges. Evaluation uses simulated but structurally realistic data from purpose-built emulators; data structures and cross-system linkage patterns are representative of real industrial installations.
