固定坐标测量机（CMM）与便携式关节臂CMM之间与公差相关的检验分歧
Tolerance-Dependent Inspection Disagreement Between a Fixed CMM and a Portable Articulated-Arm CMM
AI总结：
该研究探讨固定CMM与便携式关节臂CMM的检验分歧，发现二者尺寸测量均值差约11.2μm，形位轮廓分处10μm上限两侧，提出的公差图可识别需开展等效研究的特征-公差组合。
AI中文摘要：
固定坐标测量机（CMM）和便携式关节臂CMM常被分配至同一检验任务，但它们的标称精度规格无法体现更换仪器是否会保留零件的合格状态。问题并非仅在于两次测量结果的差异大小，而在于该差异是否超出公差边界。我们在标称20℃和30℃条件下，对圆柱、立方体和球形特征的记录测量值展开研究。剔除重复记录以及两条采集信息不足的粗糙度轮廓后，剩余6条尺寸轮廓和4条形位轮廓。对于每个尺寸特征，两个测量系统的均值与标称值的距离定义了一个精确的公差区间，在该区间内两个系统会给出相反的合格标签。在两种温度条件下，固定CMM的测量流比关节臂CMM的测量流均高出约11.2μm。所有4条形位轮廓均落在记录的10μm上限的两侧。尺寸分歧区间也存在强重叠：20℃时平均宽度为6.573μm，30℃时为4.995μm。这些结果阐明了为何仪器间的平均差异本身并非替代风险的衡量标准。所提出的公差图可识别出特征-公差组合，对于这些组合，仪器选择会改变记录的检验标签，因此在替代前需要开展受控等效性研究和特定任务的不确定度预算。
英文摘要：
Fixed coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and portable articulated-arm CMMs are often assigned to the same inspection task, but their nominal accuracy specifications do not show whether a change of instrument will preserve the disposition of a part. The question is not simply how far the two results differ, but whether that difference crosses the tolerance boundary. We examined this issue with recorded measurements of cylindrical, cubic, and spherical features under nominal 20 °C and 30 °C conditions. Repeated records and two roughness profiles without sufficient acquisition information were removed, leaving six dimensional and four form profiles. For each dimensional feature, the distances of the two system means from nominal define the exact tolerance interval in which the systems receive opposite direct labels. The fixed-CMM stream was approximately 11.2 μm higher than the articulated-arm stream at both conditions. All four form profiles fell on opposite sides of the recorded 10 μm upper limit. The dimensional disagreement intervals also overlapped strongly; their mean widths were 6.573 μm at 20 °C and 4.995 μm at 30 °C. The results clarify why an average difference between instruments is not, by itself, a measure of substitution risk. The proposed tolerance map identifies the feature-tolerance combinations for which instrument choice can change the recorded inspection label and, therefore, where a controlled equivalence study and a task-specific uncertainty budget are needed before substitution.
