AI 中文总结
该研究探讨受记忆负荷的巴丁、克尔原初黑洞的中微子发射，利用冰立方等观测数据约束其丰度，发现巴丁正则化与克尔旋转效应不同，当前及未来中微子观测对探测这类原初黑洞具有互补性。
AI 中文摘要
量子记忆负荷效应可抑制原初黑洞（PBHs）的晚期霍金蒸发，使质量低于标准蒸发阈值（约$10^{15}\\,\mathrm{g}$）的PBHs能够存活至今，并有潜力贡献暗物质丰度。我们研究受记忆负荷的巴丁（Bardeen）和克尔（Kerr）PBHs的初级与次级中微子发射，包括银河系和河外通量，以及记忆抑制、巴丁正则化和克尔旋转的影响。我们利用冰立方（IceCube）、超级神冈（Super-Kamiokande）和ANTARES的观测数据，结合冰立方二代（IceCube-Gen2）、GRAND200k和超级神冈（Hyper-Kamiokande）的预计灵敏度，对其丰度进行约束。我们发现，巴丁正则化和克尔旋转会产生性质不同的效应：增大巴丁参数会抑制霍金温度和中微子通量，从而弱化丰度约束；相反，在记忆负荷阶段开始时保留显著残余自旋的快速旋转克尔PBHs，可表现出增强的中微子发射和显著更强的约束。增大记忆负荷抑制指数$k$会降低通量归一化，但也允许更轻、更热的PBHs存活，使相关信号向更高能量偏移。因此，高能 starting事件（HESE）对弱抑制具有主导灵敏度，而冰立方二代和GRAND200k对强抑制尤为重要。这些结果表明，当前和未来的中微子观测在探测受记忆负荷的PBHs，以及正则几何和旋转对其蒸发的影响方面具有互补性。
英文摘要
The quantum memory burden effect can suppress the late-time Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs), allowing PBHs below the standard evaporation threshold of approximately $10^{15}\,\mathrm{g}$ to survive until the present epoch and potentially contribute to the dark matter abundance. We investigate primary and secondary neutrino emission from memory burdened Bardeen and Kerr PBHs, including Galactic and extragalactic fluxes and the effects of memory suppression, Bardeen regularization, and Kerr rotation. We constrain their abundance using observations from IceCube, Super-Kamiokande, and ANTARES, together with the projected sensitivities of IceCube-Gen2, GRAND200k, and Hyper-Kamiokande. We find that Bardeen regularization and Kerr rotation produce qualitatively different effects. Increasing the Bardeen parameter suppresses the Hawking temperature and neutrino flux, thereby weakening the abundance constraints. In contrast, rapidly rotating Kerr PBHs that retain a significant residual spin at the onset of the memory burdened phase can exhibit enhanced neutrino emission and substantially stronger constraints. Increasing the memory burden suppression index $k$ reduces the flux normalization but also allows lighter and hotter PBHs to survive, shifting the relevant signal toward higher energies. Consequently, HESE provides the leading sensitivity for weak suppression, whereas IceCube-Gen2 and GRAND200k become particularly important for stronger suppression. These results demonstrate the complementarity of current and future neutrino observations in probing memory burdened PBHs and the effects of regular geometry and rotation on their evaporation.
Comments13 pages, 6 figures
