原子干涉测量中的魔术速度选择
Magic Velocity Selection in Atom Interferometry
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究针对原子干涉仪中速度与位置相关性导致的系统误差，确定了速度选择的“魔术”失谐，可抑制约10毫弧度的系统相位偏移，助力实现十亿分之一精度的高分辨率原子干涉测量。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
速度选择拉曼跃迁被广泛应用于原子干涉仪中，用于制备具有窄动量分布的原子系综。然而，原子能级间的差分光移会产生与拉曼光束强度相关的速度分布，进而与原子在激光束内的位置相关。我们表明，这些空间非均匀的速度分布会与基于布拉格衍射的同时共轭Ramsey-Bordé干涉仪中依赖失谐的系统效应相互作用，这些相互作用可在干涉相位中诱导出约10毫弧度的系统相位偏移。我们进一步确定了速度选择的“魔术”失谐，并证明在该失谐下运行可抑制系统相位偏移。魔术速度选择消除了由原子速度与位置之间的相关性产生的系统误差，有助于实现目标精度达十亿分之一以下的高分辨率原子干涉测量实验。
英文摘要
Velocity-selective Raman transitions are widely used in atom interferometers to prepare atomic ensembles with narrowly defined momentum distributions. However, differential light shifts between atomic energy levels generate velocity distributions that are correlated with the Raman beam intensity, and therefore with the position of the atoms within the laser beam. We show that these spatially inhomogeneous velocity distributions interact with detuning-dependent systematic effects in a Bragg diffraction-based simultaneous conjugate Ramsey-Bordé interferometer. These interactions can induce systematic phase shifts of order 10 milliradians in the interferometer phase. We further identify a "magic" detuning for velocity selection and show that operating at this detuning suppresses the systematic phase shift. Magic velocity selection eliminates systematic errors arising from correlations between atom velocity and position, facilitating high-resolution atom interferometry experiments targeting sub-part-per-billion accuracy.
