用于低空无人机通信与协同感知的UW-OCDM
UW-OCDM for Low-Altitude UAV Communication and Cooperative Sensing
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对低空无人机高移动性场景，提出UW-OCDM波形及配套通信、协同感知方案，实现可靠通信与鲁棒定位，降低了相关复杂度与开销。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
集成感知与通信（ISAC）是低空经济中无人机（UAV）的关键支撑技术。本文提出一种将唯一字（UW）嵌入正交线性调频分复用（OCDM）的ISAC波形，命名为UW-OCDM，同时针对高移动性无人机场景设计了对应的通信接收与协同感知方案。在通信方面，嵌入的UW可实现定时同步、多普勒估计与补偿，无需单独的同步序列；一种稀疏时空信道估计方法利用多接收天线与连续UW观测的公共信道支撑，以支持可靠的数据解调。在感知方面，确定性UW作为共享先验，允许分布式基站本地构建感知字典，无需实时交换随机载荷符号；分层多目标检测与跟踪算法整合了直达路径干扰抑制、运动学预测、多候选筛选、离网细化、残差验证及连续干扰消除，以降低搜索复杂度实现鲁棒定位。仿真结果表明，该方案在高动态无人机场景下可实现可靠通信与定位，同时保留低复杂度的频域均衡，降低了传输参考共享开销与多基地定位复杂度。
英文摘要
Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is a key enabler for uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the low-altitude economy. This paper proposes an ISAC waveform that embeds a unique word (UW) into orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM), termed UW-OCDM, together with corresponding communication reception and cooperative sensing schemes for high-mobility UAV scenarios. For communication, the embedded UW enables timing synchronization and Doppler estimation and compensation without requiring a separate synchronization sequence. A sparse spatio-temporal channel estimation method exploits the common channel support across multiple receive antennas and consecutive UW observations to support reliable data demodulation. For sensing, the deterministic UW serves as a shared prior that allows distributed base stations to construct sensing dictionaries locally without exchanging random payload symbols in real time. A hierarchical multi-target detection and tracking algorithm integrates direct-path interference suppression, kinematic prediction, multi-candidate screening, off-grid refinement, residual verification, and successive interference cancellation for robust localization with reduced search complexity. Simulation results demonstrate reliable communication and localization in highly dynamic UAV scenarios, while the proposed framework retains low-complexity frequency-domain equalization and reduces transmit-reference sharing overhead and multi-static localization complexity.
