AI 中文总结
本文针对现有非地面网络以卫星为中心的局限，提出以高空平台为中心的多层无蜂窝自组织空中网络，通过分层架构及关键策略验证其可作为6G非地面网络的部署基础。
AI 中文摘要
高空平台（HAP）是下一代非地面网络（NTN）的关键使能技术，具备覆盖范围广、续航时间长、部署迅速等优势。然而，当前非地面网络设计仍以卫星为中心，依赖地面蜂窝网络的假设，限制了灵活性与可扩展性。为克服这些局限，本文提出一种以HAP为中心的多层自组织空中网络（FANET）。该框架中，HAP与分布式无人机（UAV）集成，形成可自主运行的独立无蜂窝（CF）非地面系统。分层架构包含HAP间自组织层、HAP与UAV协作层、UAV到地面接入层，共同实现空中连通、自适应覆盖及感知干扰的用户接入。分析了各层的独特挑战，包括HAP间连通性、FANET与地面网络（TN）共存、异构条件下的用户接入。此外，本文引入关键策略，如用于高数据速率连通的快速波束对齐、非协调FANET/TN共存、用户定位与环境分类。通过三个案例研究验证，还概述了标准化路径。结果表明，以HAP为中心的FANET是构建弹性、可扩展、面向应用的6G非地面网络部署的基础。
英文摘要
High-altitude platforms (HAPs) are key enablers of next-generation non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), offering wide coverage, long endurance, and rapid deployment. Despite these advantages, current NTN designs remain satellite-centric and rely on terrestrial cellular assumptions, limiting flexibility and scalability. To overcome these limitations, this article proposes a multi-layer HAP-centric flying ad-hoc network (FANET). In this framework, HAPs are integrated with distributed uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) to form a standalone, cell-free (CF) non-terrestrial system capable of autonomous operation. The layered architecture consists of an inter-HAP ad-hoc layer, a HAP-to-UAV cooperative layer, and a UAV-to-ground access layer, collectively enabling aerial connectivity, adaptive coverage, and interference-aware user access. Unique challenges for each layer are analyzed, including inter-HAP connectivity, FANET co-existence with terrestrial networks (TNs), and user access under heterogeneous conditions. Moreover, the article introduces enabling strategies such as fast beam alignment for high data rate connectivity, uncoordinated FANET/TN co-existence, and user localization and environment classification. Validated by three case studies, the discussion also outlines standardization pathways. The results highlight HAP-centric FANETs as a foundation for resilient, scalable, and application-oriented 6G NTN deployments.
DOI：10.1109/MCOMSTD.2026.3716729
