DIRECD日冕物质抛射方向目录：由日冕变暗推断的三维传播
The DIRECD coronal mass ejection direction catalog: three-dimensional propagation inferred from coronal dimmings
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究推出DIRECD CME方向目录，用DIRECD方法从日冕变暗数据推导CME三维传播方向，发现低日冕CME传播的纬度相关偏转规律，其方向数据可提升地磁暴强度预测精度。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
日冕物质抛射（CME）是地球空间天气扰动的主要驱动因素之一，但由于日冕仪观测固有的掩蔽和投影效应，其在低日冕中的早期传播仍缺乏良好约束。日冕变暗提供了一种替代诊断方法，可直接从低日冕推断CME传播方向。我们提出DIRECD CME方向目录，这是一个通过DIRECD（Dimming Inferred Estimation of CME Direction，由变暗推断的CME方向估计）方法推导的统一三维CME传播方向数据集，该方法从SDO/AIA 211 Å日冕变暗观测中重建CME锥几何结构。该目录包含2010-2026年期间的64个事件，其中包括31个第25太阳周（2021-2026年）事件和33个来自先前研究的事件。对于每个事件，我们报告其三维传播方向、二维倾角、角宽度和锥高度。统计分析显示低日冕CME传播存在系统性不对称：经向倾角表现出与纬度相关偏转的系统性趋势，在较高源纬度处向极偏转更为明显，而赤道倾角与源经度无显著相关性。这与低日冕CME轨迹主要受局部活动区磁拓扑控制一致，而大尺度日冕场和日球层电流片在更远日心距离处逐渐占据主导地位。将DIRECD推导的传播方向纳入CME到达预报可改进地磁暴强度的预测，结合CME速度后，与观测到的风暴强度的相关系数从r = 0.58提高到r = 0.70。DIRECD软件、目录及所有相关数据产品均公开提供，以支持空间天气研究。
英文摘要
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are among the primary drivers of space weather disturbances at Earth, yet their early propagation in the low corona remains poorly constrained owing to occultation and projection effects inherent to coronagraph observations. Coronal dimmings offer an alternative diagnostic to infer CME propagation direction directly from the low corona. We present the DIRECD CME Direction Catalog, a unified dataset of three-dimensional CME propagation directions derived via the DIRECD (Dimming Inferred Estimation of CME Direction) method, which reconstructs CME cone geometry from SDO/AIA 211 Å coronal dimming observations. The catalog comprises 64 events spanning 2010-2026, combining 31 Solar Cycle 25 (2021-2026) events with 33 events from prior studies. For each event we report the 3D propagation direction, 2D inclination angles, angular width, and cone height. Statistical analysis reveals a systematic asymmetry in low-coronal CME propagation: meridional inclinations exhibit a systematic tendency toward latitude-dependent deflection, with poleward deflections more pronounced at higher source latitudes, while equatorial inclinations show no significant dependence on source longitude. This is consistent with low-coronal CME trajectories being governed primarily by local active-region magnetic topology, with the large-scale coronal field and heliospheric current sheet assuming a progressively dominant role at greater heliocentric distances. Incorporating DIRECD-derived propagation directions into CME arrival forecasts improves predictions of geomagnetic storm intensity, raising the correlation with observed storm strength from r = 0.58 to r = 0.70 when combined with CME speed. The DIRECD software, catalog, and all associated data products are publicly available to support space weather research.
