负迁移的信息路径
An Informational Route to Negative Mobility
AI总结：
该研究提出信息反馈可产生负迁移，构建含奔跑翻滚粒子与布朗粒子的过阻尼二聚体模型，建立解析理论并揭示信息处理成本的权衡关系，表明信息可重塑非平衡响应。
AI中文摘要：
迁移率将施加的力与产生的运动关联，平衡态附近的迁移率通常为正。但在远离平衡态时，内部能量输入可使该响应反转。本文展示信息反馈为负迁移提供了一条独特路径：研究由奔跑翻滚粒子（run-and-tumble particle）通过弹簧耦合至被动布朗粒子构成的过阻尼二聚体，信息通过周期性测量相对位移输入，经处理后重置活性极性。空载二聚体无净漂移，但施加的力会使其内部构型产生偏置，信息力学反馈放大该偏置并将其转化为对抗力的主动推进，从而产生负迁移率。本文建立解析理论捕捉该机制，得出响应反转的反馈增益判据；纳入信息处理成本后揭示权衡关系：快速反馈增强反向输运，但信息成本随之上升，存在最优有限反馈率实现含信息的效率。这些结果表明，信息可通过控制内部能量向宏观输运的转化方式重塑非平衡响应。
英文摘要：
Mobility links an applied force to the resulting motion and is generally positive near equilibrium. Far from equilibrium, however, internal energy input can reverse this response. Here we show that information feedback provides a distinct route to negative mobility. We consider an overdamped dimer consisting of a run-and-tumble particle coupled by a spring to a passive Brownian particle. Information enters through periodic measurements of the relative displacement, which are processed to reset the active polarity. Although the unloaded dimer has no net drift, an applied force biases its internal configuration, and an information-mechanical feedback amplifies and converts this bias into active propulsion against the force, producing negative mobility. We develop an analytical theory that captures this mechanism and yields a feedback-gain criterion for response reversal. Including the information-processing cost reveals a tradeoff: rapid feedback enhances reverse transport but incurs a growing informational cost, yielding an optimal finite feedback rate for information-inclusive efficiency. These results show that information can reshape nonequilibrium response by controlling how internally supplied energy is converted into macroscopic transport.
