AI 中文总结
本文构建经现场验证的SWER网络高频数字孪生模型，结合传输线模型与VNA测量数据，可准确表征信道特性，为农村SWER基础设施部署NB-PLC提供可靠框架。
AI 中文摘要
将单导线回地（SWER）网络升级为具备智能电网功能需要可靠的通信技术，窄带电力线通信（NB-PLC）是一种低成本的潜在解决方案。由于复杂的回地路径和异构网络基础设施会造成严重的频率相关衰减，实际部署面临挑战。为准确表征通信信道，本文构建了一个运行中SWER网络的高频（最高300kHz）数字孪生模型，该模型将分段传输线模型与矢量网络分析仪（VNA）对物理电网硬件的测量数据相结合，用经验元件响应替代标准均匀假设。参数敏感性分析表明，土壤湿度和导线弛度等分布式环境因素表现为均匀幅度偏移，而导线磁导率和本地注入变压器阻抗决定了信道的谐振频谱形状。此外，跨品牌分析证实，使用通用变压器模型会引入显著预测误差，因此准确模拟需要制造商和分接头特定的数据。通过对三个发射机的现场实测数据验证，该数字孪生模型可复现物理电网的路径损耗和主导频率选择性衰落，在三条传输路径上的均方根误差（RMSE）介于4.65dB至9.73dB之间，为在农村SWER基础设施中部署NB-PLC提供了实用可靠的框架。
英文摘要
Upgrading Single-Wire Earth Return (SWER) networks for smart grid capabilities requires a reliable communications technology. Narrowband Power Line Communication (NB-PLC) is a potential low cost solution. Real-world deployment is challenging due to the severe, frequency-dependent attenuation caused by complex earth-return paths and heterogeneous network infrastructure. To accurately characterize the communication channel, this paper develops a high-frequency (up to 300 kHz) digital twin of an operational SWER network. The digital twin integrates a segment-by-segment transmission line model with Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measurements of physical grid hardware, replacing standard uniform assumptions with empirical component responses. Parametric sensitivity analysis demonstrates that distributed environmental factors, such as soil moisture and line sag, act as uniform magnitude offsets. Conversely, the conductor's magnetic permeability and local injection-transformer impedances dictate the channel's resonant spectral shape. Furthermore, cross-brand analysis proves that utilizing generic transformer models introduces significant prediction errors, confirming that accurate simulation requires manufacturer- and tap-specific data. Validated against in-situ field measurements from three transmitters, this digital twin replicates the path loss and dominant frequency-selective fading of the physical grid. Yielding a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between 4.65 dB and 9.73 dB across the three transmit paths, the model provides a practically reliable framework for deploying NB-PLC across rural SWER infrastructure.
Comments14 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables
