AI 中文总结
针对现有卫星网络安全风险框架忽略威胁随时间变化的问题，提出将时间作为显式轴的时间风险评估框架，通过五维时间能力模型生成时间索引的可能性-影响矩阵，帮助优化操作与防御资源配置。
AI 中文摘要
随着轨道偏移、功率裕度收紧和空间环境恶化，卫星漏洞会随时间变化。然而，大多数网络安全风险框架仍将威胁视为静态的。实际上，同一漏洞在关键机动期间造成的损害可能远大于常规操作期间。我们提出一种时间风险评估框架，将时间作为卫星安全分析的显式轴，它用五维时间能力模型扩展现有的对手行为分类法，并评估任务不同时间窗口的利用难度。该框架不生成单一风险评分，而是输出一系列按时间索引的可能性-影响矩阵，它将任务离散化为具有操作意义的时间窗口和环境带，以显示系统最易受攻击的时间，这一视图有助于操作员避免在高风险时段安排敏感操作，并将防御资源与随时间变化的威胁态势相匹配。
英文摘要
Satellite vulnerabilities change over time as orbits shift, power margins tighten, and the space environment deteriorates. However, most cybersecurity risk frameworks still treat threats as static. In practice, the same exploit can be far more damaging during a critical maneuver than during routine operations. We propose a temporal risk assessment framework that makes time an explicit axis in satellite security analysis. It extends existing adversary behavior taxonomies with a five-dimensional temporal capability model and estimates exploitation difficulty across distinct temporal windows of a mission. Rather than producing a single risk score, the framework outputs a series of time-indexed likelihood-impact matrices. It discretizes missions into operationally meaningful time windows and environmental bands to show when systems are most exposed. This view helps operators avoid scheduling sensitive operations in high-risk periods and align defensive resources with a threat landscape that shifts over time.
CommentsAccepted at the Workshop on Security of Space and Satellite Systems (SpaceSec) 2026
Journal refProceedings of the Workshop on Security of Space and Satellite Systems (SpaceSec) 2026, San Diego, CA, USA, February 23, 2026
DOI：10.14722/spacesec.2026.23050
