AI 中文总结
该研究针对流体天线系统，提出结合二分算法与过滤算法的全局最优联合源调度及更新调度方案，可最小化最大平均信息年龄（AoI），验证了流体天线提升数据新鲜度的有效性。
AI 中文摘要
流体天线作为一项颇具前景的技术，可通过可重构的流体端口选择实现自适应无线电环境管理与干扰抑制。本研究为探索流体天线在提升数据新鲜度方面的优势，考虑了由多个监测同一环境状态的源节点辅助的流体天线状态更新系统。假设激活部分源节点以按不同周期上报状态更新，每个用户被分配至一个源节点，并配备流体天线以自适应增强与所分配源节点的信道增益，同时抑制其他激活源节点的干扰。在所有用户采用基于最大信干噪比（SINR）的流体端口选择的前提下，我们构建优化问题以最小化最大平均信息年龄（AoI），其中源节点激活与分配（即源调度）需与所有激活源节点的更新周期协同优化。为最优求解该混合整数非线性问题，我们首先考虑给定的源调度决策并开展性能可达性分析，借助不动点理论提出一种高效的二分算法以实现最优更新调度；基于上述特性，进一步提出一种过滤算法，可高效剔除所有非最优的源调度决策，最终通过将所得最优源调度与其对应的最优更新调度相结合，得到全局最优联合解决方案。数值结果验证了所提方案的最优性，并证明了流体天线在提升数据新鲜度方面的有效性。
英文摘要
As a promising technique, fluid antennas enable adaptive radio environment management and interference mitigation through reconfigurable fluid port selections. In this work, to explore the benefits of fluid antennas for data freshness enhancement, we consider a fluid-antenna assisted status update system supported by multiple source nodes monitoring the same environmental status. We assume a subset of the source nodes are activated to report status updates with different periods. Each user is assigned to one source node and equipped with an fluid antenna to adaptively enhance the channel gain to assigned source node while mitigating interference from other activated source nodes. With maximal signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR)-based fluid port selection at all users, we formulate an optimization problem to minimize the maximum average age of information (AoI), where source node activation and assignment, i.e., source scheduling, is jointly optimized with the update periods of all activated source nodes. To optimally solve the resulting mixed-integer nonlinear problem, we first consider given source scheduling decision and apply performance achievability analysis. Aided by fixpoint theory, we propose an efficient bisection algorithm for optimal update scheduling. Based on these characterizations, we further propose a filtering algorithm which efficiently eliminates all non-optimal source scheduling decisions. The globally optimal joint solution is then obtained by combining the resulting optimal source scheduling with its corresponding optimal update scheduling. Numerical results validate the optimality of proposed solution and demonstrate the effectiveness of fluid antennas in enhancing data freshness.
