外太阳系巨行星对内部超级地球原位形成的影响
Effects of Outer Giant Planets on In Situ Formation of Inner Super-Earths
- The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
- The College of New Jersey（新泽西学院）
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas（内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校）
- Missouri State University（密苏里州立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究通过N体模拟发现，外巨行星会影响内部超级地球的形成特征，太阳系巨行星使其更紧凑近圆，动力学活跃巨行星使其更偏心宽间距，结合两类系统可匹配超级地球的观测偏心分布。
AI中文摘要：
近期研究发现，外巨行星的存在与内部超级地球之间存在观测关联，这表明外巨行星并不会抑制超级地球的形成。我们通过N体模拟，在外巨行星存在的情况下模拟晚期原位行星形成过程。我们研究了两组外巨行星的影响：一组是太阳系的四颗巨行星，另一组是三颗动力学活跃的巨行星。与没有外巨行星的系统相比，我们发现拥有太阳系巨行星的系统倾向于形成更紧凑、共面且近圆的内部超级地球；而拥有动力学活跃巨行星的系统则形成更偏心、倾角更大且间距更宽的内部超级地球，其固有多重性更低。纳入拥有动力学活跃巨行星的系统的贡献，使我们能够匹配超级地球的可观测量，包括其两分量偏心分布。然而，要匹配观测到的种群，需要区分有巨行星和无巨行星系统在巨撞击阶段之前的不同形成条件。在我们的模型中，在动力学活跃外巨行星存在下形成的观测到的超级地球，来自固体表面密度更低且无贫气阶段的原行星盘，这表明巨行星可能减少了但未阻止内盘固体的输送和/或吸积。拥有足够多的内外系统样本，我们可以根据外巨行星的性质细分内部超级地球的出现率，反之亦然，再将这些条件概率与模拟结果进行比较。
英文摘要：
Recent studies have found an observational correlation between the presence of outer giant planets and inner super-Earths, which implies that outer giants do not suppress the formation of super-Earths. We simulate late-stage in situ planet formation in the presence of outer giant planets using $N$-body simulations. We investigate the effects of two sets of outer giants: the four Solar System giant planets and three dynamically active giant planets. Compared to systems without outer giants, we find that systems with the Solar System giants tend to form inner super-Earths that are more compact, coplanar, and circular, while the systems with the dynamically active giants form inner super-Earths that are more eccentric, inclined, and widely spaced, with lower intrinsic multiplicity. Including a contribution from systems that form with dynamically active giant planets allows us to match observable quantities of super-Earths, including their two component eccentricity distribution. However, matching the observed population requires different formation conditions prior to the giant impact stage for systems with vs. without giant planets. In our model, observed super-Earths that form in the presence of dynamically active outer giants emerge from disks with lower solid surface densities and without a depleted gas stage, suggesting that the giant planets may have reduced, but not prevented, delivery and/or accretion of solids in the inner disk. With a large enough sample of inner and outer systems, we could break down occurrence rates of inner super-Earths based on the properties of outer giants, and vice versa, and then compare these conditional probabilities with simulations.
