发表机构
Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati（坎帕尼亚路易吉范维特利大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所，那不勒斯分部; 意大利国家核物理研究所，弗拉斯卡蒂国家实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究以11种冷表格物态方程为样本，发现广义相对论迹源强度与中子星拓扑质量响应强相关，可作为拓扑恒星响应的有用诊断工具，其拓扑贡献仅约0.8%。
AI 中文摘要
本研究探讨迹异常是否可作为张量多标量引力中恒星对拓扑标量场响应的诊断工具。研究检验了11种冷表格物态方程（EoS），经广义相对论（GR）热力学与因果性检验后保留6种。在互补匹配规则下，将这些物态方程的基准拓扑构型与对应GR模型进行对比。在控制恒星质量和物态方程依赖性后，GR迹源强度$S_T$仍与拓扑质量响应呈强相关，偏斯皮尔曼相关系数$\rho=0.975$。在$1.4M_\bigodot$附近，拓扑构型系统性地更致密：固定重子质量时约旦框架半径减小6.7%至8.7%，固定引力质量时减小0.87km至1.29km。这些位移与中子星内部构成探测器（NICER）当前的不确定性相当，会产生依赖源的观测效应。尽管存在全局形变，内部有效源仍以物质为主，拓扑贡献的中位数约为0.8%。因此，GR物质迹成为诊断基准拓扑恒星响应的有用工具。
英文摘要
This work investigates whether the trace anomaly can diagnose the stellar response to a topological scalar field in tensor multi-scalar gravity. Eleven cold tabulated equations of state (EoSs) were examined, with six selected after conservative GR stability and speed of sound checks over the tabulated density range. Their fiducial topological configurations were compared with the corresponding GR models under complementary matching prescriptions. After controlling for stellar mass and EoS dependence, the GR trace source strength $S_T$ remained strongly correlated with the topological mass response, with a partial Spearman coefficient $ρ= 0.975$ within the sampled fiducial sequences. Near $1.4\,M_\odot$, the topological configurations were systematically more compact, with reductions in the Jordan frame radius of $6.7$--$8.7\%$ at fixed baryonic mass and $0.87$--$1.29\,\mathrm{km}$ at fixed gravitational mass. These shifts are comparable to current uncertainties from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and their observational impact depends on the source. Despite the global deformation, the interior effective source remained dominated by matter, with a median topological contribution of about $0.8\%$. The GR matter trace therefore emerges as a useful diagnostic of the fiducial topological stellar response.
Comments15 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal Plus
