AI 中文总结
本研究在冲浪板形势阱的高磁性原子量子气体中，通过调控接触相互作用与偶极取向，实验实现竞争的三角形与条纹超固体序，为研究二维超固体相图及交织对称性破缺现象提供了通用平台。
AI 中文摘要
超固体是一类奇异量子态，其长程相位相干性与涌现空间序共存且可能相互作用。对于具有二维晶体的偶极超固体，理论预测存在包含多种竞争空间序的丰富相图，但这类结构多样性的实验观测仍十分有限。本研究在冲浪板形势阱中受限的高磁性原子量子气体里，通过调控接触相互作用强度与偶极取向，实验实现了竞争的三角形和条纹密度调制态。我们定义了结构序参量并研究其统计行为，借此识别出三角形相、条纹相以及二者之间的相变，相关临界行为表现为非高斯涨落增强。此外，我们分别在未调制-调制转变附近的相位相干超固体区域，以及远离该转变的相位非相干绝缘区域观测到了每种空间结构。本研究结果建立了一个通用平台，可用于研究二维超固体相图中的多个相，更广泛地说，可用于研究相互交织的对称性破缺现象。
英文摘要
Supersolids are exotic quantum states in which long-range phase coherence coexists, and may interplay, with emergent spatial orders. A particularly rich phase diagram featuring several competing spatial orders is predicted for dipolar supersolids with two-dimensional crystals, yet the experimental observation of this structural variety has remained limited. Here we experimentally form competing triangular and stripe density-modulated states in a quantum gas of highly magnetic atoms confined in a surfboard-shaped trap by tuning contact interaction strength and dipole orientation. We define a structural order parameter and study its statistical behavior. Thereby, we identify both the triangular and stripe phases and the transition between them, the associated critical behavior being marked by enhanced non-Gaussian fluctuations. Furthermore, we observe each spatial structure in both the phase-coherent supersolid regime and the phase-incoherent insulating one, near and far from the unmodulated-to-modulated transition, respectively. Our results establish a versatile platform in which multiple phases of the two-dimensional-supersolid phase diagram, and more generally, intertwined symmetry-breaking phenomena, can be investigated.
Comments15 pages, 11 figures
