驾驭倾斜：变革型电动垂直起降（eVTOL）飞行器的统一飞行员控制概念
Taming the Tilt: A Unified Pilot Control Concept for Transformational eVTOL Aircraft
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对变革型eVTOL飞行器多阶段飞行的控制挑战，提出一种带触觉反馈的统一飞行员控制概念，经仿真验证可减少操纵杆活动且不显著增加任务时长。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
变革型电动垂直起降（eVTOL）飞行器在过去十年中受到了广泛关注，因其具备高效的机翼巡航能力且对地面基础设施的依赖度较低。然而，这类飞行器的控制系统设计仍面临挑战，因为它们必须在多个飞行阶段运行，每个阶段都有不同的主导动力学特性。若不解决这一问题，这种复杂性将显著增加飞行员的工作负荷，因此需要开发适用于多阶段飞行操作的飞行员控制系统。简化飞行器操作（Simplified Vehicle Operations）概念是降低飞行员工作负荷的一种有前景的策略。本研究提出了一种用于eVTOL飞行器的新型飞行员控制概念的设计与实现，该概念通过在配备主动力反馈侧杆的全运动模拟器上进行串联倾转翼飞行器仿真得到验证。系统在特定飞行阶段为飞行员提供触觉反馈，支持直观控制。所提方法通过利用可用的自由度实现无缝过渡和多阶段飞行动作。此外，本研究提出了一种基于最优控制的方法，作为评估指令滤波器引起的性能损失和操纵杆活动的指标。结果表明，与闭环系统相比，所提指令滤波器并未显著增加任务时长，而主动侧杆有助于减少操纵杆活动。
英文摘要
Transformational electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicles have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their efficient wing-borne cruise capabilities and reduced reliance on ground-based infrastructure. However, control system design for these vehicles remains challenging, as they must operate across multiple flight phases, each with distinct dominant dynamics. If left unaddressed, this complexity would significantly increase pilot workload, thus motivating the development of pilot control systems for multi-phase flight operations. The Simplified Vehicle Operations concept presents a promising strategy for reducing pilot workload. This study presents the design and implementation of a novel pilot control concept for eVTOL aircraft, validated through a tandem tilt-wing aircraft simulation on a full-motion simulator equipped with an active, force-feedback side stick. The system provides pilots with tactile feedback during specific flight phases, supporting intuitive control. The proposed approach enables seamless transitions and multi-phase flight maneuvers by leveraging the available degrees of freedom. Furthermore, an optimal-control-based methodology is proposed as a metric to evaluate command-filter-induced performance penalties and inceptor activities. The results show that the proposed command filter does not significantly increase the mission duration compared to the closed-loop system, while the active side stick helps reduce inceptor activity.
